SEDGE FAMILY. 287 
cK Perigynia beakless or very short-beaked (see no. 36), and with orifices nearly or quite entire, thin 
in texture, not inflated, closely investing the achene; pistillate spikes erect or 
drooping, often brown or purple; stigmas often 2. Nos. 44-72. 
+ Pistillate spikes erect or somewhat spreading (drooping when mature in no. 45). Nos. 44-58. 
Terminal spike staminate below, pistillate above (rarely all staminate in no. 47); stigmas 3. 
ATRATAE. 
Seales shorter than or equalling the perigynia; arctic and alpine species. 
Orifice of the perigynium minutely 2-toothed; scales obtuse or acutish. 
Pistillate spikes 2'’-5'' long, erect. 44. C. alpina. 
Pistillate spikes 4''-12'’ long, drooping when old. 45. C. alratiformts. 
Orifice of the perigynium entire; scales acute or awned. 
Perigynium ovate, the style usually protruding. 46. C. stylosa. 
Perigynium obovate, the style not protruding. 47. C. Parryana. 
Scales manifestly longer than the perigynia; bog species. 48. C. fusca. 
‘Terminal spike staminate throughout (occasionally pistillate at the top in no. 53); stigmas 2, 
rarely 3in No. 55. RIGIDAE. 
Lower sheaths becoming very fibrillose; tufted bog species. 49. C. stricta. 
Lower sheaths not at all fibrillose, or slightly so. 
Scales shorter than or equalling the perigynia (or longer in no. 50). 
Culms 1°-2%° tall; scales acute or acuminate. 
Pistillate spikes linear-cylindric. 50. C. Haydent. 
Pistillate spikes oblong-cylindric. 51. C. Nebraskensts. 
Culms §’-4° tall; scales obtuse or the lower acute. 
Scales green. 
Leaves 2''-3'' wide; pistillate spikes 2'’-3'’ thick; perigynia nerveless. 
52. C. aquatilts. 
Leaves 1’ wide; pistillate spikes 1'’-2'’ thick; perigynia faintly few-nerved. 
53. C. lenticularts. 
Seales purple or brown. 
Scales shorter than the perigynia; marsh and meadow species. 
54. C. Goodenovit. 
Scales equalling or longer than the perigynia; arctic and alpine species. 
55. C. Bigelovti. 
Culms only 1'-7’ tall; arctic species. 56. C. subspathacea. 
Scales distinctly longer than the perigynia; northern salt marsh species. 
Basal leaves 1’ wide or less; scales little longerthan the perigynia. 57. C. salina. 
Basal leaves 1'’-3'’ wide; scales much longer than the perigynia. 58. C. cuspida/a. 
+? Pistillate spikes drooping, mostly on slender or filiform stalks (erect in nos. 66and 71.) Nos. 59-72 
Culms slender; pistillate spikes %'—21s' long; stigmas 3 (2 in no. 59). 
Pistillate spikes linear; scales shorter than the perigynia. PRASINAE. 
Perigynia twisted toward the top; scales purple-brown. 59. C. lorta. 
Perigynia straight; scales green. 60. C. prasina. 
Pistillate spikes oblong, globose or cylindric; scales equalling the perigynia or longer. 
Bracts manifestly sheathing; arctic species. FERRUGINEAE. 61. C. mtsandra. 
Bracts sheathless; scales mostly dark. PENDULINAE. 
Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric; southern coast species. 62. C. littoralis. 
Pistillate spikes oblong or globose; northern species. 
Seales not longer than the perigynia. 
Pistillate spikes 3/’-6'’ long, few-flowered; scales obtuse. 63. C. rariflora. 
Pistillate spikes 5’’-10'’ long, several-flowered; scales acute. 
64. C. limosa. 
Scales distinctly longer than the perigynia. 
Perigynia oval or suborbicular. 65. C. Magellanica. 
Perigynia elliptic-lanceolate. 66. C. podocarpa. 
‘Culms tall, usually stout; pistillate spikes 1'-4’ long; scales 1-8 times as long as the perigynia; 
stigmas 2 (or 3in nos. 7oand 71). CRYPTOCARPAE. 
Perigynia smooth. 
Scales purple-brown; arctic species. 67. C. crvplocarpa. 
Scales green; plants not arctic. 
Perigynia nerveless or faintly nerved, much shorter than the scales. 
Perigynia nearly orbicular, biconvex. 68. C. maritima. 
Perigynia obovoid, obtuse. 69. C. crinita. 
Perigynia oblong or elliptic, acute. 70. C. gynandra. 
Perigynia strongly several-nerved, about equalling the scales. 71. C. macrokolea. 
Perigynia granular or papillose. 72. C. glauca. 
*** Perigynia tapering to a distinct beak (nearly or quite beakless in nos 73-77), membranous in 
texture (firm in no. 88), inflated or loosely investing the achene; pistillate spikes 
mostly drooping, often narrowly linear. Nos. 73-92. 
+ Terminal spike staminate below, pistillate above; beak of the perigynium short or none. Nos. 
73-81 
73-61. 
= Spikes all erect or nearly so. VIRESCENTES. 
Perigynium densely pubescent. 
Pistillate spikes oblong-cylindric, 4’’-10'’ long; perigynia oval or ovoid, few-nerved. 
4h : : A ee: ’ ; 73. C. virescens. 
Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric, 6’’-18'' long; perigynia oblong, strongly several-nerved. 
; \ 74. C. costellata, 
Perigynium nearly glabrous, at least when mature. 
Spikes 2%''-3'%"' thick; perigynia imbricated, flattened; top of the achene not bent. 
a any : ‘ : ; pn G. LITCepS. 
Spikes 2” thick; perigynia not imbricated, swollen; top of the achene bent, or tipped with a 
bent style. 76. C. Carolintana, 
19 
