306 CYPERACEAE. 
43- Carex hirta L. Hairy Sedge. (Fig. 713.) 
Carex hirta I,. Sp. Pl. 975. 1753. 
Rootstocks extensively creeping, culms rather 
slender, erect, nearly smooth, 6’—2° tall. Leaves flat, 
pubescent, especially on the sheaths, rough, 114//- 
214’ wide, the basal ones much elongated, often ex- 
ceeding the culm, the upper and the similar bracts 
shorter; staminate spikes 2 or 3, stalked; pistillate 
spikes 2 or 3, remote, erect, oblong-cylindric, 9’/-18’’ 
long, about 3/’ in diameter, rather loosely many- 
flowered; perigynia ovoid-oblong, green, ascending, . 
densely pubescent, 1’ in diameter, 2’ long, few- 
ribbed, tapering into a stout prominently 2-toothed 
beak; teeth often as long as the beak; scales mem- 
branous, lanceolate, aristate, 3-nerved, somewhat 
shorter than the perigynia; stigmas 3. 
In fields and waste places, Massachusetts to eastern 
New York and Pennsylvania. Naturalized or adventive 
from Europe. June-Sept. 
44. Carex alpina Sw. Alpine Sedge. (Fig. 714.) 
Carex alpina Sw.; Lilj. Sv. Flora, Ed. 2, 26. 1798. 
Carex Vahlii Schk. Riedgr. 87. 1801. 
Culms slender, erect, rough above, leafy only 
below the middle, 6’-2° tall. Leaves roughish, 
¥4//-14/’ wide, shorter than or rarely equalling 
the culm; spikes 2-4 (commonly 3), clustered at 
the summit, the terminal 1 or 2 staminate below, 
oblong or globose, 2/’-5’’ long, sessile or the 
lower peduncled; perigynia oval, orbicular or 
obovoid, light green, about 1/’ long, tipped with 
a very short and minutely 2-toothed beak, nerve- 
less or with a few very faint nerves, equalling or 
slightly shorter than the ovate black or purple- 
brown obtuse or acutish scales; stigmas 3. 
In rocky places, Quebec to James’ Bay and Atha- 
basea, western Ontario and Isle Royale, Lake Super- 
ior, south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. Also 
in Europe. Summer. 
45. Carex atratiformis Britton. Black Sedge. (Fig. 715.) 
Carex ovata Rudge, Trans. Linn. Soc. 7:96. pl. 9. 1804. 
Not Burm. 1768. 
Carex atrata var. ovata Boott, Ill. 114. 1862. 
Carex atratiformis Britton, Bull. Torr, Club, 22: 222. 1895. 
Glabrous, culms slender, erect, sharp-angled, rough 
above, 8/—2° tall, usually leafy only below. Leaves 
smooth or roughish, 1’’—2’’ wide, rarely over 6’ long, 
much shorter than the culm; spikes 2-5, dense, ob- 
long or oblong-cylindric, 4’’-12’’ long, about 2%’ in 
diameter, the terminal one usually staminate at the 
base and sessile, or nearly so, the others slender 
stalked, drooping when mature; lower bracts 14/1 }s’ 
long, very narrow, the upper ones subulate; perigynia 
flattened, ovate or nearly orbicular, puncticulate, as- 
cending, about 1/’ long, tipped with a very short, 
2-toothed beak; scales black or reddish-brown, ob- 
long, obtuse or subacute, slightly narrower than the 
perigynia and about equalling them; stigmas 3 
Newfoundland to the mountains of New England, west 
to the Northwest Territory. Summer. 
