= er 
SEDGE FAMILY. 331 
117. Carex livida (Wahl.) Willd. Livid Sedge. (Fig. 787.) 
Carex limosa var. livida Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. 
Handl. (II.) 24: 162. 1803. 
Carex livida Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 285. 1805. 
Glabrous, pale green and very glaucous, culms 
‘slender, strictly erect, smooth, 1°-114° tall. Leaves 
1’/-2/’ wide, the basal shorter than or sometimes 
about equalling the culm, involute in drying; bracts 
narrow, usually short; staminate spike solitary, 
short-stalked; pistillate spikes 1-3, 5//-12’’ long, 
about 2’ thick, erect and clustered at the summit 
of the culm, narrowly cylindric, densely several- 
flowered or looser at the base, the third, when pres- 
ent, distant or sometimes nearly basal, stalked; 
perigynia oblong, very pale, nearly 2’’ long, less 
than 1’ thick, finely nerved, straight, beakless, 
narrowed to an entire orifice; scales ovate, obtuse 
or the lower subacute, rather shorter than the 
perigynia; stigmas 3. 
In bogs, Labrador and Hudson Bay to Alaska, south 
to Connecticut, the pine barrens of New Jersey, central 
New York and Michigan. Alsoin Europe. Summer. 
118. Carex aurea Nutt. Golden-fruited Sedge. (Fig. 788.) 
Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818. 
Glabrous, light green, culms very slender, erect or 
reclining, 2’-15’ long. Leaves flat, 1/’-114’’ wide, the 
basal equalling or exceeding the culm; bracts similar 
to the culm-leaves, commonly much overtopping the 
spikes; terminal spike short-stalked, staminate or an- 
drogynous; pistillate spikes 2-4, oblong or linear-ob- 
long, erect and clustered near the summit or the lower 
one distant, filiform-stalked, loosely or compactly 
few-flowered, 2’’-10’’ long, about 114’ thick; perigy- 
nia obovoid or subglobose, white or nearly white when 
young, becoming fleshy, yellow or brown and about 
1/‘in diameter when mature, many-nerved, beakless, 
the orifice entire; scales ovate, membranous acute, 
blunt, cuspidate or short-awned, shorter than or the 
lower exceeding the perigynia; stigmas mostly 2. 
In wet meadows, springs and on wet rocks, New- 
foundland to the Northwest Territory and British Co- 
lumbia, south to Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Michi- 
gan, Utah and Washington. Summer. 
11g. Carex bicolor All. Parti-colored 
Sedge. (Fig. 789.) 
Carex bicolor All. F\. Ped. 2: 267. 1785. 
Similar to the preceding species, but somewhat 
glaucous; culms slender, erect, 2’-18% tall. Basal 
leaves 1/’-2/’ wide, shorter than or equalling the 
culm; spikes 2-4, mostly clustered at the summit 
of the culm, dense, the terminal one partially stam- 
inate; perigynia oblong, white, compressed, few- 
nerved, less than 1’ long, not fleshy at maturity, 
abruptly tipped with a very short entire nearly 
cylindric beak; scales brown-purple with white 
midyein and margins, oval, obtuse or acute, shorter 
than the perigynia. 
Greenland and Labrador (according to Boott). Also 
in Europe. Summer. 
