360 CYPERACEAE. 
204. Carex Bicknéllii Britton. Bicknell’s 
Sedge. (Fig. 874.) 
Carex straminea var. Crawet Boott, Ml, 121. pi. 388. 
1862. Not C. Crawet Dewey. 1846. 
Culms loosely tufted, 2°-3'4° high, erect or the 
top inclined, rough above, much longer than the 
leaves. Leaves mostly nearly basal, 6’-12/ long, 
1'4//-2'4’’ wide; bracts usually very short; spikes 
3-7, ovoid, subglobose, or somewhat obovoid, 4//— 
6’ long, close together or the lower separated, sil- 
very green or becoming yellowish, staminate at 
the base; perigynia very broadly ovate, thin, sev- 
eral-nerved on the outer face, 2//-3/’ long, the 
broad membranous wing %4’’ wide, the rough 2- 
toothed beak one-fourth to one-half as long as the 
body; achene stalked. 
In dry soil, southern New York to Minnesota and 
Missouri, June-July. 
205. Carex sychnocéphala Carey. Dense Long-beaked Sedge. (Fig. 875.) 
= 
C. sychnocephala Carey, Am. Journ. Sci. (II.) 4:24. 1847. 
Culms erect, rather stout, quite smooth, 3/-18’ 
high. Leaves about 1’’ wide, shorter than the 
culm; lower bracts similar to the leaves, much 
elongated, 3/-12’ long, about 1’’ wide at the base, 
nearly erect; spikes 4-10, green-brown, oblong, 
densely many-flowered, staminate at the base, ag- 
gregated and confluent into an oblong or ovoid 
head 1/ or less long; perigynia narrowly linear- 
lanceolate 214//-3/’ long, about '4’’ wide at the 
base, tapering into a subulate rough 2-toothed 
beak 2-3 times as long as the slightly margined and 
few-nerved body; scales linear-lanceolate, long- 
acuminate, hyaline, shorter and rather narrower 
than the perigynia; stigmas 2. 
In meadows and thickets, Ontario and central New 
York to Manitoba, Minnesota and British Columbia. 
July-Aug. 
Family 9. ARACEAE Neck. Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 2: 462. 
ARUM FAMILY. 
Herbs with basal long-petioled simple or compound leaves, and spathaceous 
inflorescence, the spathe enclosing or subtending a spadix. Rootstock tuberous 
or a corm, in our species mostly with an acrid or pungent sap. Spadix very 
densely flowered, the staminate flowers above, the pistillate below, or the plants 
wholly dioecious, or with perfect flowers in some species. Perianth wanting, or 
of 4-6 scale-like segments. Stamens 410 in our species; filaments very short; 
anthers 2-celled, commonly with a thick truncate connective, the sacs opening 
by dorsal pores or slits. Ovary 1-several-celled; ovules 1-several in each cell; 
style short or wanting; stigma terminal, mostly minute and sessile. Fruit a 
berry or utricle. Seeds various. Endosperm copious, sparse or none. 
About 105 genera and goo species, mostly of tropical regions, a few in the temperate zones. 
Flowers without a perianth. 
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, borne at the base of the spadix. 1. Artsaema, 
Flowers monoecious, covering the whole spadix. 2. Peltandra. 
Flowers perfect. 3. Calla. 
Flowers with a perianth. 
Spadix enclosed in a shell-like fleshy spathe. 4. Spathyema. 
Spadix naked, terminating the scape. 5. Orontium. 
Spadix naked, borne at the base of a leaf-like spathe. 6. Acorus. 
* Text contributed by the late REv. THoMasS MoRONG. 
