a, a ee re ee 
382 JUNCACEAE. 
+: Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads on branches of the inflorescence. GRAMINIFOLII. 
Stem erect; capsule oblong or obovoid, obtuse at the apex. 
Stamens 3, with red-brown anthers; capsule not mucronate. . marginalus, 
Stamens 6, with yellow anthers; capsule mucronate. % J. longistylis. 
Stem creeping, floating, or ascending; capsule subulate. 19. a repens. 
2. I.ZEAF-BLADE NOT TRANSVERSELY FLATTENED, COMMONLY TERETE, HOLLOW, PROVIDED 
WITH SEPTA. 
* Leaf-blade usually channeled along the upper side; septa usually imperfect, not externally evi- 
dent; inflorescence of 1-4 heads; plants of arctic or alpine range. ALPINI. 
Body of the seed 14" in length or more. 
Leaf-sheath not auriculate. 20. J. castaneus. 
Leaf-sheath auriculate. 21. J. stygius. 
Body of the seed less than 34" in length. 
Lowest leaf of inflorescence foliose, erect; capsule deeply retuse at apex. 22. /. biglumis. 
Lowest leaf of inflorescence membranous, spreading; capsule obtuse and mucronate at the 
apex. 23. J. triglumts. 
> Leaf-blade not channeled along the upper side (except in /. bu/bosus), the septa perfect (ex- 
cept in /. polycephalus), and usually externally evident; inflorescence, except in depauper- 
ate specimens, of several to many heads; plants not of arctic-alpine range. SEPTATI. 
} Stamens 6, one opposite each perianth-part. 
Heads reduced to one, or rarely two flowers. 24. J. pelocarpus. 
Heads 2-many-flowered. 
Epidermis not roughened. 
Plants with two kinds of leaves, one normal, the other basal, submersed, and capillary. 
Plant low, less than ro! high. 25. J. bulbosus. 
Plant tall, more than 10’ high. 26. J. militaris. 
Plants without submersed capillary leaves. 
Capsule oblong, either abruptly acuminate or bluntly acute. 
Branches widely spreading; capsule sharply acute, tapering into a conspicuous 
point. 27. J. articulatus. 
Branches usually strict; capsule broadly acute, or obtuse, with a short point. 
28. J. Richardsonianus. 
Capsule subulate. 
Leaf-blades erect; inner perianth-parts longer than the outer. 29. J. nodosus. 
Leaf-blades abruptly divergent from the stem; outer perianth-parts longer than the 
inner. 30. J. Torreyt. 
Epidermis of the leaves roughened with minute tubercles. Btoas a gear: tensts. 
+t Stamens 3, none opposite the inner perianth-parts. 
Capsule less than three-fourths as long as the perianth. 32. J. brachycarpus. 
Capsule more than three-fourths as long as the perianth. 
Capsule tapering evenly into a prominent subulate beak. 
Leaf-blade vertically flattened and with incomplete septa, only rarely sare and with 
complete septa. 3. J. polycephaius. 
Leaf-blade terete or nearly so, the septa complete. 
Uppermost cauline leaf with a well-developed blade. 34- VJ: sctrpotdes. 
Uppermost cauline leaf with a rudimentary blade rarely exceeding 1’ in length. 
35. J. megacephalus. 
Capsule obtuse to acute at the apex, sometimes mucronate, but not prolonged into a beak. 
Seed '3’’-1'’ long. 
Perinat about i ‘long, the fruiting head not more than 2"' high. 36. /. 7 rachycephalus. 
Perianth 1 '4'’—2"' long, or if shorter, the fruiting head 2"' high or more. 37. /. Canadensis. 
Seed #’’-4"" long. 
Perianth ae mature capsule 1’'-2"" long 
Perianth 1M ' long, or if less the whole plant not 20’ high. 38. /. acuminatus. 
Perianth 1’ tK ‘ long, the whole plant more than 20’ high. 39. J. robustus. 
Perianth and mature ees 2'’-3'' long. 40. J. diffusissimus. 
1. Juncus effusus I. Common Rush. Bog Rush. Soft Rush. (Fig. 919.) 
: Juncus effusus 1. Sp. Pl. 326. 1753. 
Plant 14°-4° high, densely tufted, erect. Root- 
stock stout, branching, proliferous; stem soft, 
merely striate beneath the inflorescence; basal leaf- 
blades reduced to filiform rudiments; inflorescence 
many-flowered, 1’-4’ high, in one form congested 
into a still smaller compact cluster; lowest bract of 
the inflorescence 2’—10’ long, much shorter than the 
stem; perianth 1//-114’’ long, its parts green, lan- 
ceolate, acuminate; stamens 3, the anthers shorter 
than the filaments; capsule obovoid, 3-celled, muti- 
cous, regularly dehiscent; seed 4/’-4’’ in length, 
obliquely oblong, reticulate in about 16 longitudi- 
nal rows, the reticulations smooth and two or three 
times broader than long. 
In swamps and moist places, nearly throughout 
North America, except the arid and high northern por- 
tions. Ascends to 3000 ft.in Virginia. Alsoin Europe 
and Asia. 
