—— = 
RUSH FAMILY. 389 
20. Juncus castaneus Smith. Chestnut Rush. Clustered Alpine Rush. 
(Fig. 938.) 
Juncus castaneus Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 383. 1800. x 
Stems erect, 4’-20’ high, terete, leafless, or with a \ 
single leaf, arising singly from a slender rootstock. 
Basal leaves 3-5, the outer sheaths short, loose, the 
inner clasping, sometimes 4’ long, not auriculate, 
their blades tapering from an involute-tubular base to 
a slender channeled acutish apex; inflorescence strict, 
usually exceeded by its lowest bract, the other bracts 
membranous and mostly equalling the flowers; heads 
I-3, 3-12-flowered; pedicels 14’/-14’’ long; perianth 
brown or black, 2//-3'%4’’ long, its parts lanceolate, 
acute; stamens nearly as long as the perianth; anthers 
about 34’ long; capsule brown, paler toward the base, 
14-2 times as long as the perianth, narrowly oblong, 
tapering to an acute summit, imperfectly 3-celled; 
seed 11¢//-2’’ long, contracted into long slender tails, 
the body about %’’ long. 
Newfoundland to Alaska, south along the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. In Europe and Asia. 
21. Juncus stygius 1. Moor Rush. (Fig. 939.) 
Juncus stygius V,. Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2: 987. 1759. 
J. stygius var. Americanus Buch. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 12: 
393-1890. 
Rootstock none; stems 3/-1° high, single, or few 
together, erect, 1-3-leaved below, leafless above; leaf- 
sheaths 5/’-10’’ long, clasping, nerved, auriculate; 
blades erect or nearly so, 10-4’ long, slightly com- 
pressed, channeled on the upper side, tapering to a 
blunt point; inflorescence of 1-4 heads; heads 1~4-flow- 
ered; lowest bract usually exceeding the flowers; peri- 
anth114’/-2'4’’ long, pale, its parts lanceolate, 3-nerved, 
equal, with membranous margins, obtuse or acute; 
stamens half as long as the perianth or more; anthers 
oblong, shorter than the filaments; capsule 3//-4/’’ 
long, pale brown, spindle-shaped, acute, mucronate, 
3-celled below, few-seeded; seed spindle-shaped, 14 //— 
114’ long, with a loose coat, the body about %” long, 
narrowed into thick tails. 
Newfoundland to Maine, northern New York, Michigan 
and Minnesota; also in British Columbia and Europe. 
22. Juncus biglumis 1. ‘Two-flowered Rush. (Fig. 940.) 
Juncus biglumis J,. Sp. Pl. 328. 1753. 
Stems 1/—8’ high, loosely tufted on a branched root- 
stock, erect, nearly terete. Jeaves 1-5, all basal, the 
outermost sheath usually 4’’ long or less, the inner- 
most sometimes much longer, inconspicuously or not 
at all auriculate, the blades nearly terete; inflores- 
cence a capitate cluster of 1-4 flowers, its lowest 
bract erect, foliose, green with brown membranous 
margins below; perianth 14//-13/// long, dark brown, 
its parts membranous, oblong, obtuse, nearly equal; 
stamens equalling the perianth; anthers linear-oblong; 
capsule longer than the perianth, cylindric-oblong, 
3-sided, retuse at the summit, with 3 keeled 
shoulders, purplish black, or with purple-mar- 
gined valves, imperfectly 3-celled; seed 14//-2/’ long, 
fusiform, the body narrowed into short stout tails. 
Baffin Bay to Alaska and British Columbia. Also in 
Europe and Asia. 
ASS 
