RUSH FAMILY. 391 
26. Juncus militaris Bigel. Bayonet Rush. (Fig. 944.) 
Juncus militaris Bigel. F\. Bost. Ed. 2, 139. 1824. 
Stems 20’-4° high, erect, stout, 114’’-3’’ thick below, 
arising from a stout rootstock. Leaves of two kinds, 
the submersed borne in dense fascicles on the root- 
stock and developing filiform, nodose blades some- 
times 20’ long; basal leaves reduced to loose bladeless 
sheaths, sometimes 10’ long; stem leaves I or 2, the 
lower with a long stout terete blade 1//-2’’ thick at 
the base, the upper, when present, reduced to a blade- 
less sheath; inflorescence 3’-6’ high, its bracts with 
obsolete blades; heads top-shaped to semiglobose, 6- 
12-flowered; perianth 114’/-13¢’’ long, its parts nar- 
rowly linear-subulate, the inner longer than the outer; 
stamens 6, nearly as long; anthers slightly exceeding 
the filaments; capsule ovoid, acuminate, beaked, 1- 
celled, few-seeded, about equalling perianth; seed 
obovoid, about 4%’ long, reticulated in about 24 rows. 
Shallow margins of lakes, ponds or streams, Nova 
Scotia to northern New York and Maryland. 
27. Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush. 
(Fig. 945.) 
Juncus articulatus 1. Sp. Pl. 327. 1753. 
Rootstock branching; stems erect or ascending, 8/— 
2° high, tufted, somewhat compressed, 2~-4-leaved; 
basal blade-bearing leaves only I or 2, usually dying 
early; stem leaves with rather loose sheaths and con- 
spicuously septate blades; inflorescence rarely exceed- 
ing 4’ in height, its branches spreading; heads hemi- 
spheric to top-shaped, 6-12-flowered; perianth 1//-14// 
long, the parts nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate, 
reddish brown with a green midrib or green through- 
out; stamens 6, one-half to three-fourths as long as the 
perianth; anthers shorter than the filaments; capsule 
longer than the perianth, brown, 3-angled, sharply 
acute, tapering into a conspicuous tip, 1-celled; seed 
oblong-oboyoid, about 4%/’’ long, reticulate in about 
16-20 rows, the areolae finely cross-lined. 
Labrador to Massachusetts, New York, Michigan and British Columbia. Alsoin Europe and Asia. 
On ballast ground about Philadelphia and Camden a form occurs with obtuse perianth-parts and 
broadly acute capsules, apparently introduced. 
28. Juncus Richardsonianus Schult. Richardson’s Rush. (Fig. 946.) 
J. Richardsonianus Schult. in R. & S. Syst. 7: 201. 1829. 
Juncus alpinus var. insignis Fries; Engelm, Trans. St. | 
Louis Acad. 2: 458. 1866. 
Stems erect, 6’-20’ high in loose tufts, from creeping 
rootstocks, I-2-leaved; stem leaf or leaves usually borne 
below the middle; panicle 214/-8’ high, sparse, its 
branches strict or slightly spreading; heads 3-12-flow- 
ered; perianth 1/’-14’’ long, the inner parts shorter 
than the outer, obtuse, usually purplish toward the 
apex, the three outer paler, obtuse, mucronate or acute; 
stamens 6, half to two-thirds as long as the perianth; 
anthers much shorter than the filaments; capsule ovoid- 
oblong, slightly exceeding the perianth, straw-color or 
brown, broadly acute or obtuse, with a short tip; seed 
about 4%’ in length, narrowly obovoid to oblong, 
apiculate, acute or acuminate at the base, lightly reti- 
culate in about 20 rows, the areolae finely cross-lined. 
Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Pennsylvania, 
Nebraska and Washington. 
