398 JUNCACEAE. 
5. Juncoides nivale (Laest.) Coville. Arctic Wood-rush. (Fig. 963.) 
+E, Luzula campestris var. nivalis Laest. Kongl. Vet. Akad. 
Handl. 334. ' 1822. 
Juncoides nivale Coville, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 108. 1894. 
Luzula arctica Blytt, Norg. Fl. 1: 299. 1861. 
Stems tufted, 2’-4’ high, erect, 1 or 2-leaved. 
Leaves with sheaths glabrous at the mouth, their 
blades 1’/-2’” broad, seldom exceeding 114’ in length, 
very minutely roughened on the back, at least to- 
ward the apex, flat and tapering to a usually blunt 
and callous tip; inflorescence an erect oblong to ovate, 
spike-like cluster, 14’ in height or less, exceeding its 
lowest semifoliaceous bract; bractlet and perianth 
dark purple, the former ovate and sparingly lacerate 
at the hyaline apex; perianth-parts 3/’/-1’’ in length, 
narrowly oblong, more or less broadly acute at the 
paler apex, sometimes denticulate above; capsule 
subspheric, obtuse or broadly acute, exceeding the 
perianth; seed narrowly oblong, about 4’ long. 
Baffin Bay to Alaska. Also ‘in arctic and alpine 
Europe and Asia. 
6. Juncoides hyperboreum (R. Br.) Sheldon. Northern Wood-rush. 
(Fig. 964. ) 
Luzula hyperborea R. Br. Suppl. App. Parry’s Voy. 
183. 182r. 
Juncodes hyperboreum Sheldon, Bull. Geol. Surv. 
Minn. 9:63. 1894. 
Stems tufted, commonly 4/-S’ high, erect, 1-2- 
leaved above the base. Leaves with sheaths spar- 
ingly ciliate at the mouth, the blades erect, %4’’-1 14’ 
wide at the base, commonly 214’-7’ long, usually 
involute in age, not roughened on the back, taper- 
ing into a very sharp point; inflorescence erect, ex- 
ceeding its lowest foliose bract, consisting of asingle 
oblong cluster %’ in length or less, or its one or 
two lower divisions on peduncles 14/-14’ long; 
bracts and bractlets membranous, fimbriate; peri- 
anth-parts brown, paler above, about 14’ long, 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, or slightly 
lacerate at the apex; capsule about three-fourths as 
long as the perianth, ovoid, obtuse; seed rather 
narrowly oblong, about *’’ long. 
Arctic America, Labrador and the higher mountains of New England. Europe and Asia. 
7. Juncoides campéstre (I,.) Kuntze. Common Wood-rush. (Fig. 965.) 
Juncus campestris L,. Sp. Pl. 329. _1753- 
Luzula campestris DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 161. — 1805. : 
Juncoides campestre Kuntze, Rey. Gen, Pl. 722. 1891. 
Stems densely tufted, erect, 4’/-20’ high, 2-4-leaved. 
Leaf-blades flat, 1/’-314’’ broad, tapering at the apex 
to a blunt almost gland-like point, sparingly webbed 
when young; inflorescence umbelloid; lower bracts 
foliose, the lowest often exceeding the inflorescence, 
its several branches straight, unequal, each bearing an 
oblong to short-cylindric dense spike; floral bracts 
ovate, acuminate; bractlets similar but smaller, fimbri- 
ate at the apex; perianth 1//-114’ long, brown, its 
parts lanceolate-ovate, acuminate; capsule obovoid or 
broadly oblong; seed with an oblong body about 's’/ 
in length, supported on a narrower white loosely 
cellular, strophiole-like base about one-half as long. 
In woodlands, almost throughout the United States and 
British America. Also in Europe and Asia, Variable. 
One of our earliest flowering plants. 
