) 
430 CONVALLARIACEAE. 
2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. Star-flowered Solomon’s Seal. 
(Fig. 1032.) 
Convallaria stellata Y,. Sp. Pl. 316. _ 1753. 
Smilacina stellata Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris, 9: 52. 
I aes stellata Morong, Mem. Torr, Club, 5: 
114. 1894. . 
Rootstock stout, fleshy. Stem rather 
stout, erect, glabrous, 8/-20/ tall, straight 
or somewhat zigzag, leafy. Leaves oblong- 
lanceolate or lanceolate, sessile and some- 
what clasping, minutely pubescent beneath, 
2/-5/ long, %’-14’ wide, acute, acuminate, 
or blunt at the apex, flat or somewhat con- 
cave; raceme sessile or short-peduncled, 1/- 
2’ long, several-flowered; pedicels 1//—4/’ 
long, usually shorter than the flowers; peri- 
anth-segments oblong, obtuse, longer than 
the stamens; style about as long as the 
ovary; berry green with 6 black stripes or 
black, 3/’-5’’ in diameter. 
In moist soil, Newfoundland to British Co- 
lumbia, south to New Jersey, Virginia, Ken- 
tucky, Kansasand California. Also in northern 
Europe. May-June. 
Unifolium liliaceum Greene, Pittonia, 1: 280, a related plant with conspicuously folded leaves 
and longer pedicels, of western North America, from the Black Hills to the Pacific Coast, may be 
distinct from this species. 
3. Vagnera trifolia (1,.) Morong. 
Three-leaved Solomon’s Seal. 
(Fig. 1033.) 
Convallaria trifolia I,. Sp. Pl. 316. 1753. 
Smilacina trifolia Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris, 9: 
os = 
Pa aera else Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 
114. 1894. : 
Glabrous, rootstock slender. Stem slen- 
der, erect, 2’-15’ high, 2-4-leaved (usually 
3-leaved); leaves oval, oblong or oblong- 
lanceolate, sessile, sheathing, 2/-5’ long, 
14/-2/ wide, acute or acuminate at the apex, 
narrowed at the base; raceme few-flowered, 
peduncled, 1/-2’ long; perianth-segments 
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, finally 
somewhat reflexed, longer than the sta- 
mens; style about as long as the ovary; 
berry dark red, 214’’-3’’ in diameter. 
In bogs and wet woods, Newfoundland to 
British Columbia, south to Connecticut, New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania and Michigan. Also in 
northern Asia. May-June. 
4. UNIFOLIUM Adans. Fam. Pl. 2:54. 1763. 
[MAIANTHEMUM Wigg. Prim. Fl. Hols. 14. 1780.] 
Low herbs, with slender rootstocks, erect simple few-leaved stems, petioled or sessile 
leaves and small white flowers in a terminal raceme, the pedicels commonly 2-3 together. 
Perianth of 4 separate spreading segments. Stamens 4, inserted at the bases of the seg- 
ments; filaments filiform; anthers introrse. Ovary sessile, globose, 2-celled; ovules 2 in 
each cavity; style about as long as the ovary, 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Berry globular, 1-2-sceded. 
{Many plants bear only a solitary long-petioled leaf, arising from the rootstock, whence the 
Latin name. ] 
Two known species, the following of eastern North America, the other of Europe, Asia and 
northwest America. 
