434 CONVALLARIACEAE. 
2. Polygonatum commutatum (R. & S.) Dietr. Smooth Solomon’s Seal. 
(Fig. 1040. ) 
Convallaria commutata R. & S. Syst. 7: 1671. 
1830. 
Polygonatum commutatum Dietr.; Otto & Dietr. 
Gartenz. 3: 223. 1835. 
Polygonatum giganteum Dietr.; Otto & Dietr. 
Gartenz. 3: 222. 1835. 
Glabrous throughout, stem stout or slen- 
der, 1°-8° high. Leaves lanceolate, oval or 
ovate, 114/-6’ long, 3’—4’ wide, rather darker 
green above than beneath, acute, acuminate 
or blunt at the apex, narrowed, rounded or 
somewhat clasping at the base, the upper 
often narrower than the lower; peduncles 1- 
8-flowered, glabrous; perianth 6’/-10’’ long, 
14//-2’’ thick; filaments somewhat flat- 
tened, smooth, adnate to the perianth for 
half its length or more; berry 4//-6’ in 
diameter. 
In moist woods and along streams, rarely in 
dry soil, Rhode Island to Ontario and Manitoba, 
south to Georgia, Louisiana, Utah and New 
Mexico. Variable in size and in leaf-form. 
May-July. 
8. CONVALLARIA L.. Sp. Pl. 314.1753. 
A low glabrous herb, with horizontal rootstocks, very numerous fibrous roots, and 2 or 
sometimes 3 erect broad leaves, narrowed into sheathing petioles, the lower part of the stem 
bearing several sheathing scales. Flowers white, racemed, fragrant, nodding. Raceme 
-sided. Perianth globose-campanulate, 6lobed, deciduous, the short lobes recurved. 
Stamens 6, included; filaments short, adnate to the lower part of the perianth; anthers ob- 
long, introrse. Ovary 3-celled; ovules several in cach cavity; style slender, 3-grooved; 
stigma small, capitate, slightly 3-lobed. Berry globose, pulpy. [Latin from Convallis, 
valley, and the Greek for lily. ] 
A monotypic genus of Europe, Asia and the higher Alleghenies. 
1. Convallaria majalis L. Lily-of-the-valley. (Fig. 1041.) 
Convallaria majalis I. Sp. Pl. 314. 1753. 
Stem 4/-9’ high. Leaves oblong, or oval, 
appearing nearly basal, acute at both ends, 
5-12’ long, 1’-214’ wide; basal scales large, 
1’-4’ long, one of them subtending an erect 
angled scape shorter than the leaves; raceme 
1’-314’ long, loosely several-flowered; pedi- 
cels filiform, recurved, 3’’-6’’ long, exceed- 
ing or sometimes shorter than the lanceolate 
bracts; perianth 3’’-4’’ long, its lobes 1// 
long or less; filaments shorter than the an- 
thers; berry about 3’’ in diameter. - 
On the higher mountains of Virginia, North 
Carolina and South Carolina. Common in cul- 
tivation. May-June. 
