438 CONVALLARIACEAE. 
7. Trillium undulatum Willd. Painted 
Wake-robin. (Fig. 1049.) 
Trillium undulatum Willd. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Nat. 
Fr. Berlin, 3:422. 1801. 
Trillium erythrocarpum Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 1: 216, 1803. 
Stem usually slender, 8’-2° high. Leaves ovate, 
3/8’ long, 2’-5’ wide, petioled, long-acuminate at the 
apex, obtuse or rounded at the base; petioles 2’/-10/ 
long; flowers peduncled, erect or somewhat inclined, 
1/-2'4’ long; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 9’/-15/’ 
long, spreading; petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acu- 
minate or acute, white with purple veins or stripes, 
thin, longer than the sepals, widely spreading, wavy- 
margined; anthers about equalling the filaments; styles 
slender; berry ovoid, obtuse, bluntly 3-angled, bright 
red, shining, 6’’-10’’ in diameter. 
In woods, Nova Scotia to Ontario and Wisconsin, south 
to Georgia and Missouri. Ascends to 5600 ft. in Virginia. 
May-June. 
Family 21. SMILACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 146. 1799.* 
SMILAX FAMILY. 
Mostly vines, with woody or herbaceous, often prickly stems. Leaves 
alternate, netted-veined, usually punctate or lineolate, several-nerved, petioled. 
Petiole sheathing, bearing a pair of slender tendril-like appendages (stipules ?), 
persistent, the blade falling away. Flowers small, mostly green, dioecious, in 
axillary umbels. Perianth-segments 6. Stamens mostly 6, distinct; filaments 
ligulate; anthers basifixed, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary 3-celled, the cavities op- 
posite the inner perianth-segments; ovules 1 or 2 in each cavity, orthotropous, 
suspended; style very short or none; stigmas 1-3. Fruit a globose berry con- 
taining 1-6 seeds. Seeds brownish; endosperm horny, copious; embryo small, 
oblong, remote from the hilum. : 
Genera 3; species about 200, in warm and temperate regions; only the following in North America. 
1. SMILAX esp. Pl! 1028) 1753: 
Rootstocks usually very large and tuberous, stems usually twining, and climbing by 
means of the spirally coiling appendages of the petiole. Lower leaves reduced to scales; 
upper leaves entire or lobed. Flowers regular. Perianth-segments distinct, deciduous. 
Pedicels borne on a globose or conic receptacle, inserted in small pits, generally among 
minute bractlets. Filaments inserted on the bases of the perianth-segments. Staminate 
flowers without an ovary. Pistillate flowers usually smaller than the staminate, with an 
ovary and usually with 1-6 abortive stamens. Berry black, red or purple (rarely white), 
with 3 strengthening bands of tissue running through the outer part of the pulp, connected 
at the base and apex. Embryo lying under a tubercle at the upper end of the seed. [An- 
cient Greek name, perhaps not originally applied to these plants. ] 
About 195 species of wide distribution, most abundant in tropical America and Asia, Besides 
the following, about 5 others occur in the southern United States, and 1 in California and Oregon. 
Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed. 
Petioles tendril-bearing; stems climbing. 
Leaves usually ovate, thin. 1. S. herbacea. 
Leaves usually hastate, coriaceous. 2. S. tamnifolia. 
Petioles without tendrils or nearly so; stems erect. 3. S. ectrrhata. 
Stem perennial, woody, usually armed with prickles. 
Berries black or bluish-black. 
Fruit ripening the first year. 
Leaves glaucous. 4. S. glauca. 
Leaves green on both sides. 
Leaves rounded or lanceolate, 5-nerved. 
Leaves ovate, 7-nerved. 
Leaves round-ovate, often narrowed at the middle, 7-9-nerved. 
. S. rolundifolia. 
. S. hispida. 
. S. Pseudo-China. 
sow 
each side. 8. S. Bona-nox. 
Fruit ripening the second year; leaves elliptic or lanceolate, evergreen. 9. S. /aurtfolia. 
Berries red. 
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base rounded; berries bright red. 10. S. Walteri. 
Leaves lanceolate, acute at the base; berries dull red. 11. S. lanceolata. 
- * Text contributed by the late Rev. THOMAS MORONG. 
