SMILAX FAMILY. 439 
1. Smilax herbacea I. Carrion-flower. (Fig. 1050.) 
Smilax herbacea 1. Sp. Pl. 1030. 1753. 
S. pulverulenta Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1803. 
ne teil herbaceus Kunth, Enum. 5: 264. 
Tubers short, thick, scarred, numerous. Stem 
herbaceous, glabrous, terete or obtusely angled, 
unarmed, commonly much branched. Petioles 
4/’-3'4’ long; tendrils numerous; leaves ovate, 
rounded or lanceolate, acute, acuminate or cus- 
pidate at the apex, obtuse or cordate at the base, 
thin, frequently downy beneath, 7-9-nerved, 
134’-5/ long, 1/-34’ wide, the margins entire or 
denticulate; peduncles 4/9’ long, usually 6-10 
times as long as the petioles, flattened; umbels 
15—So-flowered; pedicels 3’/-8’’ long; flowers car- 
rion-scented when open; stamens sometimes 5 or 
7; filaments 2-3 times as long as the anthers; ber- 
ries bluish black, 2-4-seeded, 3/’-4’’ in diameter. 
In woods and thickets, New Brunswick to Ontario 
and Dakota, south to Florida, Louisiana and Ne- 
braska. April-June. 
2. Smilax tamnifdlia Michx. Halberd- 
leaved Smilax. (Fig. 1051.) 
S. tamnifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1803. 
Coprosmanthus tamnifolius Kunth, Enum. 5: 267. 1850. 
Glabrous, herbaceous; stem and branches terete 
or obtusely angled, unarmed. Petioles %4/-1 4’ long, 
the sheath tendril-bearing, very short or none; 
leaves coriaceous, mostly ovate-hastate, with broad 
obtuse lobes at the base, slightly narrowed at about 
the middle, acute obtuse or acuminate at the apex, 
truncate or subcordate at the base, entire, green on 
both sides, 1%(’-3’ long, %/-2’ wide, 5-7-nerved; 
peduncles 1-3 from the same axil, 1/-4’ long, usu- 
ally much longer than the leaves, often flattening 
in drying; umbels 10-30-flowered; pedicels 2//-3// 
long; segments of the staminate flowers slightly 
pubescent; filaments 142 times as long as the an- 
thers; berries black, 2’’-3’’ in diameter, 1-3-seeded. 
In dry soil, southern New Jersey and Pennsylvania 
to South Carolina and Tennessee. May-July. 
3. Smilax ecirrhata (Engelm.) S. Wats. 
Upright Smilax. (Fig. 1052.) 
Coprosmanthus herbaceus var. ectrrhata Engelm.; 
Kunth, Enum. 5: 266. 1850. i 
Smilax ecirrhatus S, Wats, in A. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, 
520, 1890. 
Stem herbaceous, glabrous, simple, erect, 6/—2° 
tall. Tendrils none, or sometimes present on 
the uppermost petioles; leaves often whorled at 
the summit of the stem, ovate, acute, obtuse, cus- 
pidate or acuminate at the apex, rounded or cordate 
at the base, thin, 5-9-nerved, 214/-5 4’ long, 14/— 
4’ wide, sometimes larger, more or less pubescent 
beneath and erose-denticulate on the margins; 
petioles 10’’-18’’ long; peduncles long, often pu- 
bescent; staminate flowers commonly not more 
than 25 in the umbels; pedicels 2’’-5’’ long; an- 
thers shorter than the filaments or equalling them. 
In dry soil, Virginia to Minnesota and Florida. 
May-June. 
