WILLOW FAMILY. 493: 
8. Populus nigra I. Black Poplar. 
(Fig. 1171.) 
Populus nigra I,. Sp. Pl. 1034. 1753. 
A large tree, sometimes 100° tall and the trunk 
4° in diameter, usually much smaller. Twigs te- 
rete; young foliage somewhat pubescent, the ma- 
ture leaves firm, nearly or quite glabrous; petioles 
slender, flattened laterally; leaves broadly deltoid, 
abruptly acuminate at the apex, broadly cuneate or 
obtuse at the base, crenate, 2’-4’ long; staminate 
aments 1/-2’ long; stamens about 20; pistillate 
aments 2/-5’ long in fruit, spreading; capsule ob- 
long, very obtuse, borne on pedicels of much less 
than their own length. 
Valleys of the Hudson and Delaware Rivers, natu- 
ralized from Europe. April-May. 
The Lombardy Poplar, Populus dilatata, commonly 
planted for ornament, occasionally spreads by sending 
up shoots from its subterranean parts. 
g. Populus deltoides Marsh. Cottonwood. Necklace Poplar. (Fig. 1172.) 
Populus deltoides Marsh. Arb. Am. 106. 1785. 
Populus Carolinensis Moench, Verz. Pl. 81. 1785. 
Populus monilifera Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 406. 1789. 
Populus angulata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 407. 1789. 
A large tree, the greatest of the poplars, attain- 
ing a maximum height of 150° and a trunk diam- 
eter of 7'4°, the bark grayish-green, somewhat 
rough when old. Foliage glabrous; leaves broadly 
deltoid-ovate, abruptly acuminate at the apex, cren- 
ulate, truncate at the base, 4’-7’ long; petiole flat- 
tened laterally, stout, about as long as the blade; 
bracts glabrous, deeply fimbriate; staminate aments 
drooping, 3/-5/ long, 5’’-6’’ in diameter; pistillate 
aments loosely flowered, becoming 6/—10’ long in 
fruit; capsule ovoid, acute, 4’’-5’’ long, 2-4-valved, 
shorter than or equalling their pedicels. 
In moist soil, especially along streams and lakes, 
Quebec to the Northwest Territory, south to New Jer- 
sey, Florida, Colorado and New Mexico. Wood soft, 
weak, dark brown; weight per cubic foot 24 lbs. 
April-May. Also called Carolina Poplar. 
2. SALIX L. Sp. Pl. rors. 1753. 
Trees or shrubs, with single-scaled buds, the scales with an adherent membrane within, 
mostly narrow and short-petioled leaves and persistent or early deciduous broad or minute 
stipules. Bractsof the amentsentire. Disk gland like, smallor minute. Staminateaments 
dense, erect, spreading or drooping. Staminate flowers with 1-10, mostly 2, stamens, their 
filaments distinct or sometimes united. Pistillate aments usually erect or spreading. Ovary 
sessile or short-stipitate. Style short or filiform. Stigmas 2, entire or 2-cleft. Capsule 
mostly 2-valved. [Name ancient. ] 
About 160 species, of wide geographic distribution throughout the north temperate and arctic 
zones, a few in the southern hemisphere. Besides the following, some 45 others occur in the 
northern and western parts of North America. 
* Filaments pubescent, at least toward the base; stamens more than 2 (3-7). 
No glands on petioles or stipules. 
Capsule ovoid, about twice as long as its pedicel. 
Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate. 
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, green on both sides. 
Leaves lanceolate, silvery-white beneath, 
Leaves slender-petioled, broadly lanceolate. 
Capsule long-conic, much longer than its pedicel. 
Petioles and stipules prominently glandular. 
. S. nigra. 
. S. Wardi. 
. S. amygdalotdes 
. S. fragilis. 
. S. lucida. 
Fawn 
*+% Filaments pubescent; stamens only 2. 
Trees, cultivated and naturalized or adventive. 
