520 FAGACEAE. 
Quercus imbricaria Michx. Shingle Oak. (Fig. 1239.) 
f Quercus imbricaria Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. 9. pi. 15) 
ES, 16. 8ol. 
A forest tree, with maximum height about 100°, 
and trunk diameter of 314°. Leaves oblong or 
lanceolate, entire, coriaceous, acute at both ends, 
short-petioled, bristle-tipped, dark green above, 
persistently gray-tomentulose beneath, 3/-7’ long, 
9/’-2/ wide; styles recurved; fruit maturing the sec- 
ond autumn; cup hemispheric or turbinate, 5’’-7’’ 
broad, its bracts appressed; acorn subglobose, 5//— 
7/’ high. 
Central Pennsylvania to Michigan, Nebraska, Geor- 
gia, Tennessee and Arkansas. Wood hard, coarse- 
grained, light reddish-brown; weight per cubic foot 
47 lbs. April-May. 
Quercus Leana Nutt. Sylva, 1: 134, p/. 56, is a hybrid 
of this and QO. velutina, with intermediate characters. 
Ohio to Missouri and District of Columbia. 
Quercus tridentata Engelm, O. nigra var. trideniata 
A. DC. Prodr. 16: Part 2, 64, is a hybrid with QO. Mary- 
landica. Wllinois and Pennsyly: ania. 
A hybrid with Q. palustris was Resear by Dr. Engelmann near St. Louis, Mo. 
13. Quercus alba L. White Oak. (Fig. 1240.) 
Quercus alba I,, Sp. Pl. 996. 1753- 
A large forest tree, with light gray bark scaling 
off in thin plates; maximum height about 150°, 
trunk diameter 8°. Leaves obovate in outline, 
green above, pale and more or less glaucous be- 
neath, pubescent when young, nearly glabrous 
when old, thin, pinnatifid into 3-9 oblong obtuse 
ascending toothed or entire lobes, 4’-7’ long, 2/— 
414’ wide; petioles about 14’ long; styles short, 
erect; fruit maturing the first season, peduncled; 
cup depressed-hemispheric, 7/’-10’’ broad, its 
bracts thick, obtuse, woolly or at length glabrate, 
closely appressed; acorn oyoid-oblong, 1’ high or 
less, 3-4 times as high as the cup. 
Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Florida and Texas. 
Wood hard, strong, tough, close-grained; color brown; 
weight per cubic foot 46 lbs. May-June. Acorns 
ripe Sept.—Oct. 
Hybrids with Q. macrocarpa have been observed 
in Illinois; with QO. minor, from Illinois to Virginia 
and South Carolina, and with QO. Prinus, near Wash- 
ington, D. C., and New York. 
14. Quercus minor (Marsh.) Sarg. Post or Iron Oak. (Fig. 1241.) 
Quercus alba minor Marsh. Arb. Am. 120. 1785. 
Quercus stellata Wang. Amer. 78. pl. 6. f. 15. 1787. 
O. obtusiloba Michx. Hist. Chen. Am. r. ‘pl.1. r8ol. 
Quercus minor Sargent, Gard. & For. 2: 471. 1889. 
A tree, with rough gray bark, or sometimes a 
shrub; maximum height about 100° and trunk 
diameter 4°. Leaves broadly obovate in out- 
line, deeply lyrate-pinnatifid into 3-7 broad 
rounded often deeply undulate or toothed lobes, 
when mature firm, glabrous, dark green and 
shining above, brown-tomentulose beneath, 5/— 
8’ long, 4’-6’ wide or smaller; petioles stout, 
‘-1’ long; fruit maturing the first season, 
nearly or quite sessile; styles short; cup hemi- 
spheric, 6’’-8’’ broad, base narrowed, its bracts 
lanceolate, subacute, slightly squarrose; acorn 
ovoid, 6’’-10’’ high, 2-3 times as long as the cup. 
In dry soil, Massachusetts to southern New York, 
Michigan, Florida and Texas. Wood hard, close- 
grained, very durable, brown; weight per cubic foot 
52 lbs. May-June. Acorns ripe Sept.—Oct. 
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