BEECH! FAMILY. 523 
21. Quercus prinoides Willd. Scrub Chestnut Oak. (Fig. 1248.) 
Quercus prinotdes Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Nat. 
Fr. Berlin, 3: 397. 1801. 
A shrub, 2°-15° tall, sometimes tree-like, the 
bark gray. Leaves oboyate, coarsely toothed, 
when mature bright green and somewhat shin- 
ing above, gray-tomentulose beneath, 214/—-5’ 
long, 2’-3’ wide, mostly acute or short-acumi- 
nate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the 
teeth short, triangular, subacute or obtuse; 
petioles slender, 3/’-9’’ long; fruit sessile, 
maturing the first season; cup hemispheric, thin, 
about 14’ broad and one-half as high, its bracts 
floccose, triangular-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 
appressed; acorn ovoid, obtuse, 2-3 times as long 
as the cup; seed sweet. 
In dry sandy or rocky soil, Maine to Minnesota, 
south to Alabama and Texas. Apparently inter- 
grades with the preceding. April-May. Acorns 
ripe Sept.-Oct. Called also Chinkapin Oak. 
22. Quercus Virginiana Mill. Live Oak. (Fig. 1249.) 
Quer cus Virginiana Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 
Cuerasa s Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 356. 1789. 
A tree, with rough brown bark, attaining a 
maximum height of about 60° and trunk diam- 
eter of 7°, but often shrubby, the young shoots 
puberulent. Leaves evergreen, coriaceous, ob- 
long, elliptic or oblanceolate, apex obtuse, base 
narrowed or rounded, entire or with a few bristle- 
tipped teeth, bright green and glabrous above, 
pale green and puberulent or becoming glabrous 
beneath, 1/-3’ long; petioles stout, 1’//-3’’ long; 
fruit peduncled, maturing the first season; pe- 
duncle ¢/-1’ long; cup turbinate, 5’’-S’” broad, 
its bracts closely appressed, ovate or lanceolate; 
acorn ovoid-oblong, about twice as high as the 
cup; seed not edible; cotyledons united. 
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida, Texas and 
Mexico, mostly near the coast. Also in Cuba. 
Wood very hard, tough, close-grained and dense; 
color yellow-brown; weight per cubic foot 59 lbs. 
March-April. Acorns ripe Sept-Oct. 
Family 8. ULMACEAE Mirbel, Elém. 2: 905. 1815. 
ELM FAMILy. 
Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple serrate petioled pinnately veined stipu- 
late leaves, the stipules usually fugacious. Flowers small, monoecious, dioe- 
cious, perfect or polygamous, lateral or axillary, clustered, or the pistillate soli- 
tary. Perianth 3-9-parted or of 3-9 distinct sepals. Petals none. Stamens in 
our species as many as the perianth-lobes or sepals and opposite them; filaments 
straight; anthers ovate or oval, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 1-celled (rarely 
2-celled), mostly superior; ovule solitary, pendulous, anatropous or amphitro- 
pous; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara, drupe or nut. Endosperm of the 
seed little or none. Embryo straight or curved; cotyledons mostly flat. 
About 13 genera and 140 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. 
Flowers borne in clusters on twigs of the preceding season; fruit a samara, or nut-like. 
Flowers expanding before the leaves; calyx 4-9-cleft; fruit a samara. 1. Ulmus. 
Flowers expanding with the leaves; calyx 4-5-cleft; fruit nut-like. 2. Planera. 
Flowers borne on twigs of the season, the pistillate mostly solitary; fruit a drupe. 3. Celts: 
