524 ULMACEAE. 
1. ULMUS L. Sp. Blie2s 41753: 
Trees, with 2-ranked straight-veined inequilateral serrate leaves, with thin caducous 
stipules. Flowers perfect or polygamous, fascicled or racemose, greenish, unfolding before 
the leaves, borne axillary on the twigs of the preceding season. Calyx campanulate, 4-9- 
lobed, persistent, its lobes imbricated. Filaments erect, slender, exserted. Ovary sessile or 
stalked, compressed. Styles 2, divergent, stigmatic along the inner margin. Fruita 1-seeded 
flat orbicular or oval samara, its membranous wings continuous all: around except at the 
apex, commonly as broad as or broader than the body. Embryo straight. [The ancient 
Latin name of the elm; Celtic e/m.] 
About 16 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, another occurs 
in the southwestern United States and one in Mexico. 
Leaves smooth or slightly rough above; samara densely ciliate. 
None of the branches corky-winged; samara-faces glabrous. 1, U. Americana, 
Some or all of the branches corky-winged; samara-faces pubescent. 
Leaves 2'-5' long; flowers racemose; northern. 2. U. racemosa. 
Leaves 1'-3' long; flowers fascicled; southern. 3. U. alata. 
Leaves very rough above; samara not ciliate; twigs not corky-winged. 4. U. fulva. 
1. Ulmus Americana L. American, White or Water Elm. (Fig. 1250.) . 
“ft 
MV 
| 
A large tree, with gray flaky bark, and glabrous 
or sparingly pubescent twigs and buds; maximum 
height about 120°, and trunk diameter 11°; the 
branches not corky-winged, terete. Leaves oval or 
obovate, apex abruptly acuminate, base obtuse or 
obtusish, and very inequilateral, sharply and usually 
doubly serrate, slightly rough above, pubescent or 
becoming glabrous beneath, 2’-5’ long, 1132/-3/ 
wide; flowers fascicled; pedicels filiform, drooping, 
jointed; calyx 7-9-lobed, oblique, its lobes oblong, 
rounded; samara ovate-oval, reticulate-veined, 5’/— 
6’ long, its faces glabrous, its margins densely cil- 
iate; styles strongly incurved. 
NV 
i 
In moist soil, especially along streams, Newfound- 
land to Manitoba, Florida and Texas. Wood hard, 
strong, close-grained, compact, dark brown; weight 
per cubic foot 40.5 Ibs. March-April. Samaras ripe 
in May. 
2. Ulmus racemosa Thomas. Cork or Rock Elm. 
Uimus racemosa Thomas, Am. Journ. Sci. 19: 170. 1831. 
A large tree, attaining a maximum height of 
about 100° and a trunk diameter of 4°, the young 
twigs puberulent; bud-scales ciliate and somewhat 
pubescent; branches, or some of them, winged by 
narrow plates of cork. Leaves similar to the pre- 
ceding, but less sharply serrate, smooth above; 
flowers racemose; pedicels filiform, drooping, 
jointed; calyx-lobes oblong, rounded; samara oval, 
6’’-8” long, its faces pubescent or puberulent, its 
margins densely ciliate; persistent styles strongly 
incurved and overlapping. 
In rich soil, Quebec to Ontario, Michigan, Tennessee 
and Nebraska. Wood hard, strong, tough, compact; 
color light reddish-brown; weight per cubic foot 45 lbs. 
April. Called also Cliff, Hickory or Swamp Elm. 
_ Ulmus campéstris L., from Europe, distinguished by 
its nearly or quite glabrous, not ciliate samaras, and 
wingless branches, rarely escapes from cultivation. 
