526 ULMACEAE. 
1. Planera aquatica (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. Planer-tree. Water Elm. 
(Fig. 1254.) 
Anonymos aquatica Walt. Fl. Car. 230. 1788. 
Planera aquatica J. F. Gmel. Syst. 2: Part 1, 
150. 1791. 
A small tree, sometimes 40° high, and 
with a trunk 2° in diameter, the foliage 
nearly glabrous. Leaves ovate or oblong- 
lanceolate, acute at the apex, obtuse or cor- 
date and usually somewhat inequilateral at 
the base, serrate, 1/-2’ long; petioles 144//- 
2’’ long; stipules lanceolate, about as long as 
the petioles, deciduous; staminate flowers 
fascicled and somewhat racemose from scaly 
buds borne at the axils of leaves of the pre- 
ceding season; perfect or pistillate flowers 
on short branches; fruit 2’’-3’’ long, about 
equalling its stalk, its soft processes 4’ 
long. 
In swamps, Missouri to southern Indiana, 
Kentucky and North Carolina, south to Louisi- 
ana and Florida. Wood soft, weak, compact, 
light brown; weight per cubic foot 33 lbs. 
April-May. 
3. CELTIS L. Sp. Pl. 1043. 1753. 
Trees or shrubs, with serrate or entire pinnately veined or in some species 3-5-nerved 
leaves, and polygamous or monoecious (rarely dioecious?) flowers, borne in the axils of 
leaves of the season, the staminate clustered, the fertile solitary or 2-3 together. Calyx 
4-6-parted or of distinct sepals. Filaments erect, exserted. Ovary sessile. Stigmas 2, re- 
curved or divergent, tomentose or plumose. Fruit an ovoid or globose drupe, the exocarp 
pulpy, the endocarp bony. Seed-coat membranous. Embryocurved. [Name ancient, used 
by Pliny for an African Lotus-tree. ] 
About 60 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions. Besides the following, some 3 
others occur in the southern and southwestern parts of North America. 
Leaves sharply serrate, thin; ripe drupe 4’’-5'’ in diameter. 1. C. occidentalis. 
Leaves entire or nearly so, thick; drupe 2%’’—3’’ in diameter. 2. C. Mississippiensis. 
1. Celtis occidentalis I. Hackberry. Sugar-berry. (Fig. 1255.) 
Celtis occidentalis I,. Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753. 
Celtis pumila Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 200. 1814. 
A tree or shrub, attaining a maximum 
height of about 125° and a trunk diameter 
of 5°, the bark dark end rough, the twigs 
glabrous. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 
sharply serrate, mostly thin, acute or acumi- 
nate at the apex, inequilateral and 3-nerved 
at the base, pinnately veined, 114’-4’ long, 
1/-2%4’ wide, glabrous above, pubescent, at 
least on the veins, beneath; staminate flowers 
numerous; pistillate flowers usually solitary, 
slender-peduncled; calyx-segments linear- 
oblong, deciduous; drupe globose and pur- 
ple, or nearly black when mature, or orange, 
4/’-5/’ in diameter, sometimes edible. 
In dry soil, Quebec to Manitoba, south to 
Louisiana, North Carolina, Missouri and Kan- 
sas. Wood soft, weak, coarse-grained; color 
light yellow; weight per cubic foot 4o Ibs. 
April-May. Fruit ripe Sept. Also known as 
Nettle-tree and False Elm. 
