528 MORACEAE. 
1. Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry. (Fig. 1257.) 
il Q g DO Morus mitra L. Sp. Pl. 986. 1753. 
A tree, attaining a maximum height of 
about 65° and a trunk diameter of 7°, the 
bark brown and rough. Leaves ovate or 
nearly orbicular in outline, scabrous above, 
persistently pubescent beneath, or when 
young almost tomentose, acuminate at the 
apex, rounded, truncate or cordate at the 
base, serrate-dentate or 3-7-lobed, 3/-5/ 
long; petioles slender, 7’/’-18’’ long; stami- 
nate spikes drooping, 1!4’—-3/ long; pistillate 
spikes spreading or pendulous in fruit, 1/— 
114’ long, 4’’-5’’ in diameter when mature, 
slender-peduncled, dark purple-red, deli- 
cious. 
aN 
@ 
In rich soil, Vermont and Ontario to Michi- 
gan and South Dakota, south to Florida and 
Texas. Wood soft, weak, compact, durable; 
color light yellow; weight per cubic foot 37 
lbs. April-May. Fruit ripe in June. 
2. Morus alba L. White Mulberry. (Fig. 1258.) , 
Morus alba I. Sp. Pl. 986. 1753. 
A small tree, sometimes 4o° high and with 
a trunk 3° in diameter, the bark light gray, 
rough, the branches spreading. Leaves 
ovate, thin, smooth, glabrous and somewhat 
shining on both sides, acute or abruptly acu- 
minate at the apex, rounded, truncate or cor- 
date at the base, varying from serrate to vari- 
ously lobed, 2/-6% long; petioles slender, 
shorter than the blades; staminate spikes 
slender, drooping, about 1’ long; pistillate 
spikes oblong or subglobose, drooping, 5’’— 
7’/ long, 3’ in diameter and white or pinkish 
when mature, not as succulent as those of 
the preceding species. 
Sparingly escaped from cultivation, Maine 
and Ontario to Florida. Introduced from the 
Old World for feeding silkworms. May. Fruit 
ripe July-Aug. 
2. TOXYLON Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 118. 1817. 
[Mactura Nutt. Gen. 2: 233. 1818.] 
A tree, with milky sap, thick entire dark green alternate petioled pinnately veined 
leaves, stout axillary spines, caducous stipules and dioecious axillary flowers, the staminate 
racemose, the pistillate capitate. Staminate flowers with a 4-parted calyx, its segments val- 
vate, and 4 stamens, the filaments inflexed in the bud, straightening and somewhat exserted 
in anthesis. Pistillate flowers with a 4-cleft calyx enclosing the sessile ovary, and a filiform 
simple long-exserted style, the calyces becoming fleshy and enlarged in fruit, densely aggre- 
gated into a large globular head. Endosperm none; embryo curved. [Name Greek, signi- 
fying bow-wood. ] 
A monotypic genus of the south-central United States. 
