MULBERRY FAMILY. 529 
1. Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Osage Orange. (Fig. 1259.) 
Toxylon pomiferum Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 118. 
1817. 
Maclura aurantiaca Nutt. Gen. 2: 234. 1818. 
A tree with ridged brown bark, and spreading 
branches; maximum height about 60°, and trunk 
diameter 234°; foliage puberulent when young, 
glabrous when mature. Leaves ovate, ovate- 
lanceolate or ovate-oblong, glossy, entire, 3/-6/ 
long, apex acuminate, base obtuse, truncate or 
subcordate; petioles 1/2’ long; axillary spines 
straight, sometimes 3’ long; staminate racemes 
14/-1’ long, usually numerous; flowers about 1// 
broad; head of pistillate flowers peduncled, pen- 
dulous, about 1’ in diameter, ripening into a hard 
yellowish tubercled syncarp 2/-6’ in diameter. 
In rich soil, Missouri and Kansas to Texas. Wood 
hard, very strong, dense, durable; color bright orange; 
weight per cubic foot 48 lbs. Much planted for 
hedges and occasionally spontaneous in the East. 
May-June. Fruit ripe Oct.—Nov. 
VA 
3- BROUSSONETIA L/Her; Vent. Tabl. 3: 547. 1799. 
Trees, with milky sap, the leaves alternate, petioled, entire, serrate, or 3-5-lobed, 3- 
nerved at the base. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in cylindric ament-like spikes, the 
pistillate capitate. Staminate flowers with a deeply 4-cleft perianth, 4 stamens, and a mi- 
nute rudimentary ovary. Pistillate flowers with an ovoid or tubular 3-4-toothed perianth, a 
stalked ovary and a 2-cleft style. Head of fruit globular, the drupes red, exserted beyond 
the persistent perianth. [Name in honor of Broussonet, French naturalist. ] 
About 4 species, natives of eastern Asia. 
1. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. 
Paper Mulberry. (Fig. 1260.) 
Morus papyrifera I,. Sp. Pl. 986. — 1753. 
Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Tabl. 3: 548. 1799. 
A small tree, sometimes 4o° high, the young 
shoots hirsute-tomentose. Leaves mostly ovate, 
thin, long-petioled, serrate nearly all around, 
often deeply 3-lobed, sometimes with a lobe on 
one side only, as in Sassafras, rarely 5-lobed, . 
rough above, tomentose beneath, 3/-8’ long, 
the sinuses rounded; petioles '4’—3/ long, hir- 
sute-tomentose, at least when young; spikes of 
staminate flowers 2/-3/ long; peduncled; heads 
of pistillate flowers '4’-1’ in diameter, stout- 
peduncled. 
DANN It 
Escaped from cultivation, southern New York to 
Georgia and Missouri. May-June. 
4. HUMULUS L. Sp. Pl. 1028. 1753. 
Twining herbaceous perennial rough vines, with broad opposite thin petioled palmately 
veined serrate 3-7-lobed or undivided leaves, lanceolate membranous persistent stipules, 
and dioecious axillary flowers, the staminate panicled, the pistillate in ament-like drooping 
clustered spikes. Staminate flowers with a 5-parted calyx, the segments distinct and imbri- 
cated, and 5 short erect stamens. Pistillate flowers in 2’s in the axil of each bract of the 
ament, consisting of a membranous entire perianth, clasping the ovary, and 2 filiform cadu- 
cous stigmas. Fruiting aments cone-like, the persistent bracts subtending the compressed 
ovate achenes. Endosperm fleshy. Embryo spirally coiled. [Name said to be the diminu- 
tive of the Latin Awmus, earth.] 
Two species, the following widely distributed through the north temperate zone, the other 
native of northeastern Asia. 
