Vot. II.] MAGNOLIA FAMILY. 47 
Family 24. MAGNOLIACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 2: 74. 1805. 
MAGNOLIA FaMILy. 
Trees or shrubs, with alternate entire or rarely lobed leaves, large solitary 
flowers, and bitter aromatic bark. Sepals and petals arranged in 3’s, hypogy- 
nous, deciduous. Stamens ©; anthers adnate. Carpels «, separate or coher- 
ent, borne on the surface of the elongated receptacle, ripening into an aggregate 
fruit composed of 1-2-seeded dry or fleshy follicles or achenes. 
About ro genera and 70 species, of wide geographic distribution. 
Anthers introrse; leaves entire, or with 2 basal lobes. 1. Magnolia. 
Anthers extrorse; leaves lobed or truncate. 2. Liriodendron. 
1. MAGNOLIA L,. Sp. Pl. 535. 1753. 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves large and generally thick, entire. Buds covered with condu- 
plicate sheathing stipules. Flowers large, fragrant. Sepals 3, petaloid. Petals 6-12, imbri-- 
cated in 2-4 series. Anthers linear, introrse. Carpels spiked or capitate on the elevated or 
elongated receptacle, 2-ovuled, forming follicles at maturity. Seeds fleshy, suspended from 
the ripe cones by slender filamentous threads. [In honor of Pierre Magnol, 1638-1715, 
Professor of Botany in Montpellier. ] 
A genus of about 15 species, natives of eastern North America, eastern Asia and the Himalayas. 
Leaves auriculate, glabrous. 1. M. Fraseri. 
Leaves cordate, white-pubescent beneath. 2. M. macrophylla. 
Leaves acute at base. 
3. M. tripetala. 
Leaves 3'-6' long, glaucous beneath. 4. M. Virginiana. 
5. WM. acuminata. 
1. Magnolia Fraseri Walt. Fraser’s Magnolia. 
Long- or Ear-leaved Umbrella-tree. (Fig. 1537.) 
Magnolia Frasert Walt. Fl. Car. 159. 1788. 
Magnolia auriculata Yam. Encycl. 3: 673. 1789. 
A tree 25°-50° high, the trunk 5/-18’ in diameter, 
straight, the branches widely spreading. Leaf-buds 
glabrous; leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, 
auriculate, 6’-15/ long, 3/-8’ broad, elongated-obovate or 
oblong, contracted below, glabrous, the lower surface 
light green, the upper surface darker; petioles slender, 
1/-3/ long; flowers white, 3/-S’ broad; petals spatulate 
or obovate, obtuse, much longer than the sepals; cone 
of fruit 3’-4’ long, rose-colored when mature. 
In mountain woods, Virginia and Kentucky to Florida 
and Mississippi. Heart-wood soft, brown; sap-wood white. 
Weight per cubic foot 31 lbs. May-June. 
2. Magnolia macrophylla Michx. Great- 
leaved Magnolia. Large-leaved Umbrella- 
tree, or Cucumber-tree. (Fig. 1538.) 
Magnolia macrophylla Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 1: 327. 1803. 
A tree 20°-60° high, the trunk 6/-20’ in diameter, 
bark gray. lLeaf-buds silky-pubescent; leaves ob- 
long or obovate, blunt, cordate, 1°-34° long, 8/—14’ 
broad, glabrous and green above, glaucous-white and 
pubescent beneath; petioles stout, 2’—4/ long; flowers 
8’/-15/ in diameter, white with a large purple centre; 
petals ovate-oblong, obtuse, thrice the length of the 
rounded sepals; cone of fruit ovoid-cylindric, 4/—6’ 
long, bright rose-colored at maturity. 
In woods, southeastern Kentucky to Florida, west to 
Arkansas and Louisiana. Heart-wood brown, satiny, 
hard; sap-wood light yellow; weight per cubic foot 33 lbs. 
May-June. 
LUuwegy (LQ6 
