Vor. IL] CROWFOOT FAMILY. is 
1. Xanthorrhiza apiifolia L, Her. 
Shrub Yellow-root. (Fig. 1553.) 
Xanthorrhiza apiifolia I/Her. Stirp. Nov. 79. 
Xehorrhisa simplicissima Marsh. Arb. Amer. 
168. 1785. 
Glabrate, 1°-2° high, the bark and long 
roots yellow and bitter. Leaves pinnate or 
sometimes bipinnate, clustered at the sum- 
mit of the short stem, the blade 5’—6’ long, 
slender petioled; leaflets 5, thin, 1/—3/ long, 
incisely toothed, cleft or divided, sessile, 
ovate or oblong, acute, cuneate, shining; 
branches of the raceme or panicle slender, 
drooping, 2’—3/ long; flowers about 2’ broad, 
pedicelled, solitary or 2-3 together, brown- 
ish-purple; sepals ovate, acute; follicles 4-8, 
inflated, light yellow, I-seeded, diverging, 
curved at the apex, minutely beaked. 
In woods, southwestern New York to Florida. 
Also called Yellow-wood. The lowest leaves are 
sometimes 3-foliolate. April-May. 
Q- ACTAEA IL. Sp. Pl. 504. 1753- 
Erect perennial herbs, with large ternately compound leaves, and small white flowers 
in terminal racemes. Sepals 3-5, petaloid. Petals 4-10, small, spatulate or narrow, clawed. 
Stamens numerous. Ovary 1, many-ovuled, forming in fruit a large somewhat poisonous 
berry; stigma broad, sessile. [An ancient name of the elder. ] 
About 4 known species, natives of the north temperate zone. Besides the following another 
occurs in the western United States. 
Pedicels slender; berries red. 1. A. rubra. 
Pedicels stout; berries white. ' 2. A. alba. 
1. Actaea rubra ( Ait.) Willd. Red 
Baneberry. (Fig. 1554.) 
Actaea spicata var. rubra Ait. Hort, Kew. 2: 
221. 1789. 
Actaea rubra Willd. Enum. 561. 1809. 
Erect, bushy, 1°-2° high, pubescent or 
glabrate. Leaves petioled, or the upper 
sessile, ternate, the divisions pinnate with 
the lower ultimate leaflets sometimes 
again compound; leaflets ovate or the ter- 
minal one obovate, toothed or somewhat 
cleft, the teeth mainly rounded or mucro- 
nate, or acutish; raceme ovoid; petals spat- 
ulate, shorter than the stamens; pedicels 
mainly slender, 5/’-7’’ long; berries red, 
oval, 5/’-6’’ long, many-seeded. 
In woods, Nova Scotia to New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania, west to the Rocky Mountains. 
Most abundant northward. April-June. A. 
spicata \,., of Europe, has purplish-black ber- 
ries and has not been observed in America. 
This and the following species are called 
also Cohosh, Herb-Christopher, and Rattle- 
snake Herb. 
Actaea rubra argita (Nutt.) Greene, Pitt. 2: 108. 1890. 
Actaea arguta Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1:35. 1838. 
Plant larger, the leaflets more incised. Nebraska to British Columbia and California. 
Actaea rubra dissécta Britton. 
Leaflets all deeply incised, the lower compound ordecompound, Lincoln Co., Ontario, 
