Kp. 
dibles v ; 
56 RANUNCULACEAE. [Vor. II. 
2. Actaea alba (L.) Mill. White 
Baneberry. (Fig. 1555.) 
Actaea spicata var, alba I,. Sp. Pl. 504. 1753. 
Actaea alba Mill, Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 2. 1768. 
Closely resembles the preceding species in 
habit and aspect. Leaflets generally more cut 
and the teeth and lobes acute or acuminate; ra- 
ceme oblong; petals truncate at the apex; fruit- 
ing pedicels as thick as the peduncle and often 
red; berries short-oval, white, often purplish at 
the end. 
In woods, Nova Scotia and Anticosti to Georgia, 
west to British Columbiaand Missouri. Ascends to 
5000 ft.in Virginia. April-June. Forms with white 
berries and slender pedicels and red berries on 
thickened pedicels are occasionally met with, and 
supposed by Watson and Coulter (Gray’s Man. Ed. 
6, 48) to be the result of hybridization. The white- 
berried species is said to bloom aweek or two later 
than the red. 
10. CIMICIFUGA L. Amoen. Acad. 8: MORN Ly yes 
Tall erect perennial herbs, with large decompound leaves, and white racemose flowers, 
Sepals 2-5, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 1-8, small, clawed, 2-lobed or none. Carpels 1-8, 
many-ovuled, sessile or stipitate, forming follicles at maturity. Stigma broad or minute. 
[Latin, to drive away bugs. ] 
A genus of about 10 species, natives of North America, Asia and eastern Europe. Besides the 
following, there are 3 on the western side of the continent. 
Carpels 1 or 2, sessile; seeds in 2 rows, smooth. 
Leaflets ovate, oblong or obovate, narrowed, truncate or subcordate at the base. 1. C. racemosa. 
Leaflets broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply cordate. 2. C. cordifolia. 
Carpels 2-3, stalked; seeds in 1 row, chaffy. 3. C. Americana. 
1. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh. 
(Fig. 1556.) 
Actaea racemosa I,. Sp. Pl. 504. 1753. 
Cimicifuga racemosa Nutt. Gen. 2:15. 1818. 
Stem slender, 3°-S° high, leafy above. 
Leaves ternate, the divisions pinnate and 
the ultimate leaflets often again compound; 
leaflets ovate or oblong, or the terminal one 
obovate, acute or sometimes obtusish at the 
apex, narrowed, truncate or the lower sub- 
cordate at base, incisely-toothed, cleft or di- 
vided, thickish, nearly glabrous; racemes 
compound, terminal, 6’-2° long, usually 
finely pubescent; pedicels bracted; flowers 
6’’-7’" broad, foetid; petals 4-8, 2-cleft; sta- 
mens very numerous; pistils 1 or 2, sessile; 
stigma broad; follicles oval, 3/’-4’’ long, 
minutely beaked; seeds in 2 rows, smooth, 
flattened. 
In woods, Maine and Ontario to Wisconsin, 
south to Georgiaand Missouri. Ascends to 4000 
ft. in North Carolina. June-Aug. 
Cimicifuga racemdsa dissécta A. Gray, Man. Ed. 6, 47. 1890. 
Leaves pinnately compound, the leaflets all incised. Southern Pennsylvania and Delaware. 
