72 RANUNCULACEAE. (Von. II. 
21. TRAUTVETTERIA F. & M. Ind. Sem, Petr, 1: 22. 1834. 
Tall erect perennial herbs, with large palmately-lobed leaves, those of the stem dis- 
tant. Sepals 3-5, concave, caducous. Petals none. Carpels », 1-ovuled. Achenes capi- 
tate, sharply angular, inflated, tipped with the minute styles. Embryo large. Flowers 
small, white, corymbosely paniculate. [In honor of Prof. Trautvetter, a Russian botanist. ], 
A monotypic genus of North America and eastern Asia. 
1. Trautvetteria Carolinénsis (Walt. ) 
Vail. False Bugbane. (Fig. 1594.) 
Hydrastis Carolinensis Walt. Fl, Car. 156. 1788. 
Cimicifuga palmata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 316. 
1803. 
Trautvelteria palmata F. & M, Ind. Sem, Petr. 1: 
22. 1834. 
Trautvetteria Carolinensts Vail, Mem, Torr. Club, 
2:42. 1890. 
Stout, 2°-3° high, branching, nearly glabrous, 
except the lower surfaces of the leaves. Basal 
leaves long-petioled, 6’-8’ broad, 4’—-5’ long, 
deeply lobed, the lobes acute and sharply den- 
tate; panicle ample, the flowers 3/’-6’’ broad, 
borne in cymose clusters at the ends of its 
branches; filaments slender, slightly widened; 
anthers oblong. 
Southwestern Pennsylvania to the mountains of 
Virginia and Kentucky, south to Florida, west to- 
ey ae Indiana and Missouri. Ascends to 6000 ft. in North 
Sine BN , Carolina. June-July. 
22. RANUNCULUS IL. Sp. Pl. 548. 1753. 
Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate simple entire lobed or divided or dissected 
leaves, and yellow white or red flowers. Sepals mostly 5, deciduous. Petals equal in num- 
ber or more, conspicuous or minute, provided with a nectariferous pit and a scale at the base 
of the blade. Carpels «, 1-ovuled. Achenes capitate or spicate, generally flattened, 
smooth, papillose or echinate, tipped with a minute or an elongated style. [Latin for a 
small frog, in allusion to the marsh habitat of many species. ] 
Some 200 species, widely distributed in the temperate and cool regions of both hemispheres 
and on mountain tops in the tropics. In addition to those here described, about 4o others inhabit 
the western and northwestern parts of the continent. The names Crozfoot or Bullercup are popu- 
larly applied to most of the species with large flowers and divided leaves. 
% Aquatic, with dissected submerged leaves, the upper ones lobed, floating or emersed; flowers 
large. 1. R. delphinifolius. 
% % Terrestrial or mud plants, with entire, lobed or divided leaves. [Nos. 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9 some- 
times in ditches or swamps. ] 
if Creeping or decumbent perennials, with palmately lobed or divided leaves; flowers small. 
Plants leafy-stemmed. 
More or less pubescent; leaves orbicular, palmately divided. 
Achenes marginless; northern. Z 
Achenes callous-margined; southwestern. R. Missouriensis. 
Glabrous; leaves 3-lobed or 3-cleft, cuneate at the base; arctic. . R. hyperboreus. 
Plant scapose from filiform rootstocks. 5. Rk. Lapponicus. 
++ Plants of swamps or muddy shores; leaves entire or denticulate. 
Annuals; achenes beakless. 
“| 
. R. Purshit. 
1 Oo to 
Petals 1'’-2"’ long: stamens few. 6. R. pusillus. 
Petals 2'’—3'' long; stamens numerous. 7. R. oblongifolius. 
Perennials, rooting from the nodes; achenes beaked. 
Stems trailing; achenes minutely beaked. 8. R. replans. 
Stems ascending or erect; achenes subulate-beaked. 9. R. oblusiusculius. 
+++ Terrestrial species with some or all the leaves lobed or divided. 
Calyx conspicuously black-pubescent; arctic; flowers white or light yellow. 10. A. nivalis. 
Calyx glabrous or pubescent; flowers yellow. 
1. Achenes smooth, neither papillose, muricate nor spiny. 
Plant low, arctic-alpine; leaves small, palmately lobed. 11. R. pygmaeus. 
Plants neither arctic nor alpine. 
Basal leaves, some or all of them, merely crenate. 
Head of fruit oblong, 2-3 times as long as thick. 12. R. pedatifidus. 
Head of fruit globose or subglobose. 
Petals large, longer than the sepals. 
Basal leaves oval or ovate, not cordate. 13. R. ovalts. 
Basal leaves reniform or orbicular, cordate. 14. R. Harveyt. 
