+ 
Vor. II.] POPPY FAMILY. 99 
About 26 genera and 200 species, widely distributed, most abundant in the north temperate zone. 
% Flowers regular. 
Pod dehiscent at the top, or only to the middle. 
Leaves not spiny-toothed. 
Leaves spiny-toothed. 
Pod dehiscent to the base. 
Flowers white; juice red. 3. Sanguinaria. 
Flowers and juice yellow. 
Capsule oblong or short-linear, bristly. 4. Stylophorum. 
Capsule long-linear, rough, tipped with a dilated stigma. 5. Glauctum. 
Capsule linear, smooth, tipped with a subulate style and minute stigma. 6. Chelidonium. 
%% Flowers irregular. Family FUMARIACEAE DC. 
Each of the 2 outer petals spurred at the base. 
Corolla deeply cordate at base; petals slightly coherent. 7. Bicuculla. 
Corolla rounded or slightly cordate; petals permanently coherent, persistent. 8. Ad/umia. 
One of the outer petals spurred at base. 
Capsule 2-valved, few-several-seeded. 9. Capnoides. 
Fruit globose, indehiscent, 1-seeded. 10, Fumaria. 
1. PAPAVER Wap bla 506s 753% 
Hispid or glaucous herbs, with milky sap, lobed or dissected alternate leaves, nodding 
flower-buds and showy regular flowers. Sepals 2 or occasionally 3. Petals 4-6. Stamens a. 
Anthers extrorse. Ovules ©, borne on numerous internally-projecting placentae. Stigmas 
united into a radiate persistent disc. Capsule globose, obovoid, or oblong, dehiscent near the 
summit. Seeds marked with minute depressions. [Classic Latin name of the poppy. ] 
About 25 species, mostly natives of the Old World, but 2 or 3 indigenous in western America. 
Glabrate and glaucous; leaves lobed, clasping; capsule subglobose. 1. P. somniferum. 
Green, hirsute; leaves pinnately div ided. 
Stems branching, leafy; weeds of waste or cultivated ground, 
Capsule glabrous. 
. Papaver. 
. Argemone. 
te 
Capsule subglobose or top-shaped. 2. P. Rhoeas. 
Capsule oblong, narrowed below. 3. P. dubium. 
Capsule oblong, hispid with a few erect hairs. 4. P. Argemone. 
Leaves all basal; capsule obovoid, densely hispid with erect hairs; arctic. 5. P. alpinum. 
1. Papaver somniferum I, Opium or 
Garden Poppy. (Fig. 1658.) 
Papaver somniferum ¥,. Sp. Pl. 508. 1753. 
Erect, sparingly branched, glaucous, 1°-3° high. 
Leaves clasping by a cordate base, 4/8’ long, 2/—3/ 
wide, oblong, wavy, lobed or toothed; flowers 3/—4/ 
broad, bluish-white with a purple centre; filaments 
somewhat dilated upward; capsule globose, glabrous. 
Occasional in waste grounds and on ballast. Fugitive 
from Europe. Often cultivated for ornament. Widely cul- 
tivated in Europe and Asia for its capsules, from which the 
drug opium, and poppy-oil are derived. Native of the 
Mediterranean region. Stmmer. 
2. Papaver RhHoéas J, Field, Red or Corn 
Poppy. (Fig. 1659.) 
Papaver Rhoeas \,. Sp. Pl. 507. 1753. 
Erect, branching, 1°-3° high, hispid with spreading 
bristly hairs. Lower leaves petioled, 4/-6’ long, the 
upper smaller, sessile, all pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate, 
acute, serrate; flowers 2/—4’ broad, scarlet with a darker 
centre; filaments not dilated; capsule subglobose or top- 
shaped, glabrous, the disk with 10 or more stigmatic rays. 
In waste places and on ballast, not common. Occasion- 
ally cultivated. Fugitive from Europe. Summer. Old 
English names, Corn-rose, Red-weed, Headache, Canker- 
rose and Cheese-bowl. 
