206 ROSACEAE. (Vor. Il. 
7. FRAGARIA L. Sp. Pl. 494. 1753- 
Perennial acaulescent herbs propagating by runners, with alternate basal tufted petioled 
3-foliolate leaves, and sheathing membranous stipules. Flowers white, corymbose or race- 
mose on erect naked scapes, polygamo-dioecious, the pedicels often recurved. Calyx persis- 
tent, its tube obconic or turbinate, 5-bracteolate, deeply 5-lobed. Petals 5, obovate, short- 
clawed. Stamens; fllamentsslender. Carpels, inserted ona glabrous convex or elongated 
receptacle, which becomes fleshy or pulpy in fruit; styles lateral. Achenes ©, minute, dry, 
crustaceous. Seed ascending. [Latin, /ragum, strawberry, signifying fragrance. ] 
About 15 species, natives of the north temperate zone and the Andes of South America. Be- 
sides the following, 2 or 3 others occur in the western parts of North America. 
Achenes imbedded in pits on the fruit; fruiting scape shorter than the leaves. : 
Leaflets broadly oval or obovate; fruit globose or ovoid. 1. F. Virginiana, 
Leaflets oblong or narrowly obovate; fruit oblong-conic. 2. F. Canadensis. 
Achenes borne on the surface of the fruit; fruiting scape as long as or exceeding the leaves. 
Stout; leaflets thickish; plant naturalized in fields. 3. F. vesca. 
Slender; leaflets thin; native plant of shaded rocky situations. 4. F. Americana, 
1. Fragaria Virginiana Duchesne. Virginia or Scarlet Strawberry. 
(Fig. 1908. ) 
Fragaria Virginiana Duchesne, Hist. 
Nat. Fras. 204. 1766. 
Fragaria Virginiana var. Iilinoensis 
Prince; A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 155. 1867. 
Rather stout, tufted, dark green, 
more or less villous-pubescent with 
spreading or sometimes appressed 
hairs. Petioles 2/’-6’ long; leaflets 
thick, or even coriaceous, broadly oval 
or obovate, obtuse, dentate-serrate, the 
terminal one generally cuneate, the 
lateral inequilateral at the base; scape 
equalling or shorter than the leaves, 
the fruit being generally borne below 
them; hairs of the scape more or less 
spreading; calyx-lobes, at least of the 
sterile flowers, erect at maturity; fruit 
red, ovoid, the achenesimbeddedin pits. 
In dry soil, New Brunswick to South 
Dakota, south to Florida, Louisiana and 
Arizona. April-June. 
WZ 2. Fragaria Canadensis Michx. North- 
ern Wild Strawberry. (Fig. 1909.) 
SS ai sad Canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 299. 
803. 
Petioles slender, loosely villous, 4’-7’ high. 
Leaflets oblong or the middle one narrowly obovate, 
obtuse, rather few-toothed, 9’/-2’ long, 5//-10/’ 
wide, glabrous or nearly so above even when 
young, more or less appressed-pubescent beneath; 
scapes pubescent with appressed hairs; flowers few, 
slender-pedicelled, 7’/-9’’ broad; fruit oblong, or 
oblong-conic, 6’’-8’’ long; achenes sunken in pits. 
In fields and meadows, Newfoundland to the North- 
west Territory, south to the Catskill Mountains. 
May-July. 
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