ROSACEAE. [Vor IT. 
4. Geum vérnum (Raf.) T.&G. Spring 
Avens. (Fig. 1943.) 
Siylipus vernus Raf. Neog. 3. 1825. 
Geum vernum T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1: 422. 1840. 
Erect or ascending, slender, pubescent with spread- 
ing hairs, or glabrate, simple or nearly so, 6/-2° high. 
Basal leaves tufted, petioled, with a single orbicular- 
reniform dentate 3-5-lobed leaflet, or pinnate with 3-7 
obovate or oval more or less dentate and lobed ones; 
stem-leaves few, sessile or short-petioled, pinnate or 
pinnatifid; flowers few, terminal, corymbose or race- 
mose, erect, yellow, about 2’’ broad; calyx-lobes ovate, 
acute, reflexed; bractlets none; petals spreading; head 
of fruit stalked; style glabrous, jointed, about 2/7 
long; receptacle glabrous. 
Shaded places, Ontario to West Virginia and Tennessee, 
west to Illinois and Texas. Naturalized from the Westin 
New Jersey and southern New York. April-June. 
5. Geum Canadénse Jacq. White Avens. (Fig. 1944.) 
Geum Canadense Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2: 82. pl. 775. 
eek ‘Carolinianum Walt. F. Car. 150. 1788. 
Geum album Gmel. Syst. 2: 861. 1791. 
Softly and finely pubescent or glabrate, erect, 
branched above, 114°-2%4° high. Stipules small, 
dentate; basal leaves petioled, lobed, 3-foliolate 
or pinnately divided, their segments 3-5, the 
terminal one broadly ovate or obovate, the lateral 
ones narrower, all dentate and more or less 
lobed, sometimes with smaller ones borne on 
the petiole; stem-leaves short-petioled or sessile, 
3-5-lobed or divided; peduncles slender; flowers 
white, 4’/-8’’ broad; calyx-lobes lanceolate, re- 
flexed; petals obovate, equalling or shorter than 
the sepals; head of fruit globose-obovoid, sessile, 
4’’-6’ long; receptacle densely short-bristly; 
style glabrous, or pubescent below, jointed, 3//— 
4’ long. 
In shaded places, Nova Scotia to Georgia, west 
to Minnesota and Missouri. June-Aug. 
Beaty cS ae 1: 
.\ RAN t vA woh 
‘ + fet) 2 
6. Geum Virginianum L. Rough Avens. 
(Fig. 1945.) 
Geum Virginianum I,. Sp. Pl. 500. 1753. 
Resembling the preceeding species but much stouter, 
the stem and petioles bristly-pubescent, the stout 
SU, ‘eS V, r} | ; short peduncles pubescent with reflexed hairs. Sepals 
& Ney WV) f é reflexed, exceeding the spreading revolute creamy- 
eel ie \ white petals; head of fruit globose, very dense, 6/’-S’’ 
—— fy |Z { in diameter; receptacle merely downy or glabrous; style 
ENG Z slender, jointed, pubescent below, 4’/-5’’ long. 
Sy Re 
Low ground, New Brunswick to Pennsylvania and south- 
ward in the Alleghanies, west through Ontario to Minne- 
sota and to Missouri. Blooms somewhat earlier than G. 
Canadense. Basal leaves becoming very large, the terminal 
leaflet sometimes 6’ wide. May-July. 
