236 ; POMACEAE. [Vou II. 
5. Malus Malus (L.) Britton, Apple. 
(Fig. 1982.) 
Pyrus Malus I,. Sp. Pl. 479. 1753. 
Malus sylvestris Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 1. 1768- 
A large tree with spreading branches, the trunk 
sometimes reaching a diameter of 3° in cultiva- 
tion. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate or oval, 
obtuse or abruptly pointed at the apex, rounded 
or slightly cordate at the base 1/-3’ long, dentate 
or nearly entire, glabrous or nearly so above, 
pubescent and often woolly beneath, especially 
when young; pedicels generally tomentose, 1/-2’ 
long; flowers pink, or white, 114’-3’ broad; calyx 
tomentose; fruit depressed-globose or elongated, 
hollowed at the base, 114’—3’ in diameter. 
In woods and thickets, frequent in southern New 
York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Our common 
apple, introduced from Europe and escaped from 
cultivation, Native also of western Asia. Wood 
hard, reddish brown; weight per cubic foot 50 lbs. 
April-May. 
4. ARONIA Pers. Syn. 2: 39. 1807. 
Low shrubs, with alternate simple petioled finely serrate leaves, the upper side of the 
midrib glandular, the narrow stipules early deciduous. Flowers small, white or pink, in 
terminal compound cymes. Calyx urn-shaped, 5-lobed. Petals 5, concave, spreading. 
Stamens numerous. Styles 3-5, united at the base. Ovary woolly. Pome small, globose 
or somewhat top-shaped, not hollowed at the base, its carpels rather leathery. [Name 
modified from Aria, the Beam-tree of Europe. ] 
The genus consists of the following species: 
Cyme and lower surfaces of the leaves woolly; fruit bright red. 1. A. arbulifolia. 
Cymes and leaves glabrous or nearly so; fruit black or purplish. 2. A. nigra. 
1. Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Ell. Red Choke-berry. (Fig. 1983.) 
Mespilus arbutifolia ¥,. Sp. Pl. 478. 1753. 
Pyrus arbuttfolia I,. f£. Suppl. 256. 178. 
Mespilus arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa 
Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 292. 1803. 
Aronia arbutifolia Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 
556. 1821. 
A branching shrub, sometimes reaching 
a height of 12°, but usually much lower. 
Leaves petioled, oval, oblong or obovate, 
obtuse or abruptly short-pointed at the 
apex, narrowed or somewhat cuneate at 
the base, 1/-3’ long, serrulate-crenulate, 
glabrous above, generally densely tomen- 
tose beneath; cymes terminal, but at 
length overtopped by the young sterile 
shoots, compound; flowers white or pur- 
plish-tinged, 4’’-6’’ broad; calyx and 
pedicels tomentose; pome 2//-3’’ in diam- 
eter, globose or somewhat depressed, and 
bright red when mature. 
In swamps and wet woods, reported from 
Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to Florida 
and Louisiana. Called also Dogberry Tree. 
March-May. 
