RHAMNACEAE. [Von. II. 
3. Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her. Alder- 
leaved Buckthorn. Dwarf Alder. 
(Fig. 2393.) 
Rhamnus alnifolia I Her, Sert. Angl. 5. 1788. 
A small shrub, with puberulent thornless 
branches. Leaves oval to elliptic, 2/-4’ long, 
1/-2’ wide, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, 
mainly acute at the base, irregularly crenate- 
serrate; veins 6-7 pairs; petioles 3//-6’’ long; 
flowers 5-merous, solitary or 2-3 together in the 
axils, green, about 114’’ broad, mainly dioecious, 
appearing with the leaves; petals none; fruiting 
pedicels 3/’-4’’ long; drupe globose, or some- 
what obovoid, about 3’ in diameter; nutlets 3, 
grooved. 
In swamps, New Brunswick to British Columbia, 
south to New Jersey, Illinois, Nebraska, Montana 
and California. May-June. 
4. Rhamnus Caroliniana Walt. Carolina Buckthorn. (Fig. 2394.) 
Rhamnus Caroliniana Walt. Fl. Car. tor. 1788. 
Frrangula Caroliniana A. Gray, Gen. 2:178. 1849. 
A tall thornless shrub, or small tree, with 
puberulent twigs. Leaves elliptic, or broadly 
oblong, glabrous, or somewhat hairy on the 
veins beneath, 2/-6’ long, 1/-2%’ wide, acute 
or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or acute at the 
base, obscurely serrulate or even entire; veins 
6-10 pairs; petioles 6’’-9’’ long; flowers 5-mer- 
ous, perfect, greenish, about 1’’ broad, in axil- 
lary peduncled umbels, or some of them soli- 
tary, unfolding after the leaves; calyx finely 
puberulent, or glabrous, campanulate, its lobes 
lanceolate, acuminate; petals present; drupe 
globose, sweet, about 4’’ in diameter; nutlets 
3, not grooved. 
In swamps and low grounds, Virginia and Ken- 
tucky, west to Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas. May-June. 
4 
5. Rhamnus Frangula lL. Alder Buck- 
thorn. (Fig. 2395.) 
Rhamnus Frangula ¥,. Sp. Pl. 193. 1753. 
A shrub, reaching a maximum height of about 
8°, the young twigs finely and sparsely puberu- 
lent. Leaves thin, elliptic or obovate, entire or 
4y very obscurely crenulate, glabrous on both sur- 
faces, obtuse or cuspidate at the apex, rounded 
or narrowed at the base, 114’-234’ long, 1/-14’ 
wide; petioles 2-4’ long; umbels 1-6-flowered, 
strictly sessile in the axils; flowers 5-merous, per- 
fect; calyx nearly hemispheric, its lobes ovate, 
acute; fruiting pedicels 2’/-5’’ long; fruit 3//-4’’ 
in diameter, the 3 nutlets compressed, not 
grooved. 
In bogs, Long Island and northern New Jersey. 
Nituralized from Europe. May-June. Called also 
black-alder, Berry-alder and Arrow-wood. 
