Vot.. II.]J BUCKTHORN FAMILY. 407 
3. CEANOTHUS L.. Sp. Pl. 195. 1753. 
Shrubs, with alternate petioled leaves, and terminal or axillary cymose panicles of white 
blue or yellowish perfect flowers. Calyx-tube hemispheric, or top-shaped, the limb 5-lobed. 
Petals 5, hooded, clawed, longer than the calyx-lobes, inserted under the disk. Stamens 5; 
filaments filiform, elongated. Ovary immersed in the disk and adnate to it at the base, 
3-lobed. Disk adnate to the calyx. Style short, 3-cleft. Fruit dry, 3-lobed, separating 
longitudinally at maturity into 3 nutlets. Seed-coat smooth; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons 
oval or obovate. [Name used by Theophrastus for some different plant. ] 
About 35 species, natives of North America and northern Mexico. 
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, pubescent. 1. C. Americanus. 
Leaves oblong or oval-lanceolate, glabrate. 2. C. ovatus. 
1. Ceanothus Americanus L. New 
Jersey Tea. Red-root. (Fig. 2396.) 
Ceanothus Americanus I,. Sp. Pl. 195. 1753. 
Stems erect or ascending, branching, sev- 
eral commonly together from a deep reddish 
root, puberulent, especially above. Leaves 
ovate or ovate-oblong, 1/-3/ long, %4/-1’ wide, 
acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or 
subcordate at the base, finely pubescent, es- 
pecially beneath, serrate all around, strongly 
g-nerved; petioles 2/’-5’” long; peduncles 
terminal and axillary, elongated, often leafy 
bearing dense oblong cymose panicles of 
small white flowers; pedicels 3/’-6’’ long, 
white; claws of the petals very narrow; 
fruit depressed, about 2’ high, nearly black. 
In dry open woods, Ontario to Manitoba, south 
to Florida and Texas. May-July. Ascends to 
4200 ft. in North Carolina. An infusion of the 
leaves was used as tea by the American troops 
during the Revolution. Also called Wild 
Snowball. 
2. Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Smaller 
Red-root. (Fig. 2397.) 
[| Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Hist. Arb. 2: 381. 1809. 
Ceanothus ovalis Bigel. Fl. Bost. Ed. 2:92. 1824. 
Similar to the preceding species, but gener- 
ally a smaller shrub and nearly glabrous 
throughout. Leaves oblong, or ovyal-lanceo- 
late, 1/-2’ long, 3/’-9’’ wide, mainly obtuse at 
each‘end, but sometimes acute at the apex, gla- 
i brous, or with a few hairs on the principal 
veins, serrate with prominently gland-tipped 
teeth; peduncles short, nearly always terminal, 
| bearing dense short cymose panicles of white 
flowers; pedicels slender, 4/’-7/’ long; fruit 
nearly asin C. Americanus. 
In rocky places and on prairies, Ontario to Min- 
nesota and the Black Hills, south to Massachusetts, 
Illinois and Texas. Rare or absent along the 
Atlantic coast. May-June. 
Ceanothus ovatus pubéscens T. & G.; S. Wats. Bibl. Index, 1: 166. 1878. 
Leaves, petioles and peduncles densely pubescent. Iowa to Arkansas and Texas, 
Family 72. VITACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 30. 1836. 
GRAPE FAMILY. 
Climbing or erect shrubs, with copious watery sap, nodose joints, alternate 
petioled leaves, and small regular greenish perfect or polygamo-dioecious flow- 
ers, in panicles, racemes or cymes. Calyx entire or 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, 
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