Vor. IL] VIOLET FAMILY. 447 
3. Viola pedatifida Don. Prairie 
Violet. (Fig. 2486.) 
Viola pedatifida Don, Gard. Dict. 1:320. 1831. 
Viola delphinifolia Nutt.; T. & G. Fl. N. A. 
1:136. 1838. 
Minutely pubescent or almost glabrous, 
acaulescent. Leaves and scapes 3/-8’ high, 
arising from a thick short erect or ascending 
rootstock; petioles mostly longer than the 
blades; blades 1/-3’ wide, pedately 5-9- 
parted into linear obtuse segments, the seg- 
ments entire or lobed, ciliate along the mid- 
vein and margins; stipules ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminate; flowers bright blue, nearly 1/ 
broad; sepals linear or lanceolate, acute or 
obtuse; lateral petals bearded; capsules 
5’’-6” long, glabrous, those from cleisto- 
gamous flowers short-peduncled. 
On prairies, Illinois to Saskatchewan, Colo- 
rado and Arizona. March—May. " 
4. Viola obliqua Hill. Meadow or 
Hooded Blue Violet. (Fig. 2487.) 
V. obliqua Hill, Hort. Kew. 316. fl. 12. 1769. 
Viola cucullata Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 228. 1789. 
Glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs 
when young, bright green, acaulescent. 
Rootstock short, thick, mostly erect; flower- 
j ing scapes shorter than the leaves or much 
TU} exceeding them; petioles slender, becoming 
very much longer than the blades; blades 
thin, ovate, orbicular or reniform, rarely 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, or acutish, 2/—4/ 
long, or those of the outer leaves obtuse, 
and rounded, all crenate or crenate-dentate, 
| cordate at the base; sepals lanceolate, 
\ f acuminate or acute; petals 6//—10’’ long, 
; blue, rarely white, sometimes striped, the 
\\ [ S lower and lateral ones bearded; capsules 
A SSS 4/’-6’" long, those from cleistogamous 
NPS flowers on horizontal or deflexed peduncles. 
In woods, meadows and marshes, Nova Scotia to Minnesota, Georgia and Kansas. Ascends to 
5000 ft. in Virginia. Bog-meadow forms have flowering scapes much longer than the leaves; 
some swampy woodland forms have almost lanceolate blades, twice as long as wide. April-June. 
5. Viola villosa Walt. Southern Wood Violet. (Fig. 2488.) 
Viola villosa Walt. Fl. Car. 219. 1788. 7 
Dark green, finely pubescent with appressed 
hairs, but not villous; rootstock short, thick, 
mostly oblique. Flowering scapes commonly 
longer than the leaves; leaves usually ap- 
pressed to the ground and purple beneath, of- 
ten mottled; petioles equalling the blades or 
longer; blades broadly ovate, suborbicular, or 
reniform, obtuse or some of them acute at the 
apex, crenate-dentate, none lobed, deeply cor- 
date at the base, 114/-2'4’ wide when mature; 
sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, obtuse 
or obtusish; petals blue, mostly bearded, 5’/-7’’ 
long; spur about 2’ long, very blunt; capsules 
3/’-4’’ long, those of the cleistogamous flowers 
on spreading or deflexed peduncles. 
In dry soil, on hillsides and in woods, Pennsyl- 
vania and New Jersey to Georgia and Louisiana. 
April-May. 
