Vor.. IL.] VIOLET FAMILY. 449 
g. Viola pedata L. Bird’s-foot Violet. (Fig. 2492.) 
Viola pedata I,. Sp. Pl. 933. 1753. 
Viola pedata var. bicolor Pursh; Raf. in 
DC. Prodr. 1: 291. 1824. 
Glabrous or nearly so, usually tufted, 
the rootstock short, thick, erect. Flow- 
ering scapes 3/-10’ high, about equalling 
the leaves, or longer; petioles mostly 
longer than the blades; blades reniform 
or suborbicular in outline, 9’/-2’ wide, 
pedately parted into 5-11 narrow entire or 
toothed lobes, outer leaves commonly 
shorter-petioled, the lobes broader; petals 
44/-1/ long, beardless, lilac, or blue, or one 
or the two upper dark purple [var. 57- 
color], all rarely white; stigma beardless, 
not beaked; capsules 5’’-7’’ long. 
In dry fields and on hillsides, Maine and 
southern Ontario to Minnesota, Florida and 
Missouri. Plant not stoloniferous, and not 
producing cleistogamous flowers, but fre- 
quently blooming a second time in autumn. 
The dzcolory form is the type of the species. 
April-June. 
1o. Viola odorata L. English, March, 
or Sweet Violet. (Fig. 2493.) 
Viola odorata I,. Sp. Pl. 934. 1753. 
Pubescent, downy, or glabrous, stoloniferous, 
the stolons leafy, rooting at the nodes, and bear- 
ing numerous cleistogamous flowers late in the 
season, the rootstock thick. Petioles 2/-5’ long; 
blades broadly ovate or orbicular, rounded or 
obtuse at the apex, cordate, crenate, 1/-2’ wide; 
flowering scapes about as long as the leaves, or 
shorter; flowers fragrant, 6’/-10/’ broad, blue, or 
in cultivated forms white; sepals oblong, mostly 
obtuse; petals beardless; pods from cleistoga- 
mous flowers on short decumbent peduncles. 
Escaped from gardens, Nova Scotia to southern 
New York and New Jersey, and on the Pacific 
coast. Native of Europe. March-May. 
11. Viola rotundifolia Michx. 
Round-leaved Violet. (Fig. 2494.) 
V. rotundifolia Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 2:150. 1803. 
Somewhat pubescent, acaulescent; rootstock 
thick, sending out stolons late in the season, 
which bear cleistogamous flowers. Flowering 
scapes 2/-4’ high, longer than or equalling the 
leaves; blades of the leaves orbicular or ovate, 
44/-2’ wide at flowering time, 3/-5’ broad and 
appressed to the ground in summer, cordate, 
crenate, glabrous or nearly so above, pale be- 
neath; petioles not margined, becoming 2/-6/ 
long; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse; petals pale 
yellow, 3/’-5’’ long, the lateral ones bearded 
and with brown veins; spur very short; pods 
oval, about 3/’ long, those from the cleisto- 
gamous flowers on deflexed peduncles. 
In woods and on rocky hillsides, Labrador to 
Minnesota, south in the mountains to North Carolina. Ascends to 4500 ft.in Virginia, Basal sinus 
of the leaves short. April-May. Z 
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