Vor, II.] CACTUS FAMILY. 461 
2. Echinocereus caespitodsus Engelm.& Gray. Tufted Cereus. (Fig. 2523.) 
Cereus caespitosus Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. 
Hist. 5: 247. 1845. age 
Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. Wisliz. Tour 
North. Mexico, 110. 1848. 
Stems ovoid-globose to ovoid-cylindric, usually 
tufted, sometimes as many as 12 together, some- 
times single, 1/-6’ high, 1/-4’ in diameter; ribs 12 
or 13; radial spines 20-30, pectinate, white, the lat- 
eral ones the longer, 2’’-4’’ long; central spines 
wanting, or sometimes I or 2 short ones; flowers 
rose-purple, 2’-3’ broad, fruit ovoid, green, 9’’—10’ 
long; seeds tubercled, black, about 14’’ long. 
Western Kansas (according to B. B. Smyth), Indian 
Territory to Texas and Mexico. 
2. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto, Ver- 
hand. Preiss. Gartenb. Ver. 3: 420. 1827. 
Stems globose, oblong or cylindric, leafless, tu- 
bercled, the tubercles arranged in straight or spiral 
rows, bearing clusters of spines arising from areolae. 
Flowers borne on the tubercles, at or near areolae 
from which spines are subsequently developed. 
Calyx-tube prolonged beyond the ovary, usually covered with scales, its lobes numerous, the 
outer scale-like, the inner elongated. Petals numerous, similar to the inner sepals. Stamens 
numerous, borne on the tube of the calyx. Ovary exserted; style columnar. Berry usu- 
ally covered with scales and often with tufts of minute bristles. [Greek, hedgehog-cactus. ] 
_ About 200 described species, natives of America. Besides the following, some 30 others occur 
in the western and southwestern States. 
1. Echinocactus Simpsoni Engelm. 
Simpson’s Cactus. Hedgehog-thistle. 
(Fig. 2524.) 
Echinocactus Simpsoni Engelm. Trans. St. Louis 
= Acad. 2: 197. 1863. 
Ss 
Lak 
Stems single, globose or with a narrowed base, 
3/-6’ high, 3/-4’ in diameter. Tubercles ovoid, 
somewhat 4-sided at base, 6’’-8’’ long, arranged 
in spirals; central spines yellowish below, 
nearly black above, 5’/-7’’ long, the exterior 
ones slightly shorter, whitish; flowers greenish 
pink, 8//-10’” long and about as broad, borne to 
one side at the ends of the tubercles; petals ob- 
long, crenulate and cuspidate at the apex; berry 
dry, 3//-3%’ in diameter, bearing near its 
summit 2-3 scales which sometimes have short 
spines in their axils. 
Kansas (according to B. B. Smyth) to Colorado, 
Utah and Nevada. April-May. 
3. CACTUS Le sp: Bll 466. 1753; 
[MAMILLARIA Haw. Syn. Plant. Succ. 177, 1812. Not Stackh. 1809. ] 
Stems solitary or clustered, globose or oyoid, tubercled. ‘ubercles conic or cylindric, 
woolly and with clusters of spines at the apex. Leaves none. Flowers borne from areolae 
at the bases of the tubercles. Calyx-tube campanulate or funnel-form, produced beyond the 
ovary, which is often hidden between the tubercles. Petals in several rows. Ovary smooth, 
ovoid; style filiform. Berry ovoid or club-shaped, emersed, crowned by the withering 
corolla. [Greek name of some prickly plant. ] 
About 300 described species, natives of warm and tropical America. Besides the following, 
some 35 or more occur in the southwestern States. 
