518 UMBELLIFEREAE. [Vor. II. 
12. THASPIUM Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. 
Perennial herbs, with ternate or ternately compound leaves, or the basal ones some- 
times undivided, and compound umbels of yellow or purple flowers. Involucre none, or 
of 1-3 bracts. Involucels of several small bracts. Calyx-teeth prominent, acute. Stylopo- 
dium none. Styleslender. Fruit ovoid or oblong, glabrous or nearly so, scarcely flattened. 
Carpels somewhat dorsally flattened, the ribs or at least some of them strongly winged; 
oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Seed-face flat. [Name from the island Thapsus. } 
Ahout 3 species, natives of eastern North America. 
Leaves mostly ternate; segments crenate, thickish. 1. 7. t(rifoliatum. 
Leaves mostly biternate; segments incised or lobed, rather thin. 
Segments ovate, incised. 2. T. barbinode. 
Segments pinnatifid into oblong lobes. 3. T. pinnatifidum., 
1. Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Britton. Pur- 
ple Meadow-Parsnip. (Fig. 2651.) 
Thapsia trifoliata \,. Sp. Pl. 262. 1753. 
ae i atropurpureum Desr, in Lam. Encycl. 3: 667. 
1789. 
Thaspium atropurpureum Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. 
T. trifoliatum Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 240. 1894. 
Glabrous throughout; stems erect, more or less 
branched, 1°-2° high. Upper stem-leaves short-peti- 
oled, ternate, or rarely biternate, the segments ovate 
or ovate-lanceolate, 1/-2’ long, crenate-dentate all 
around; basal leaves long-petioled, sometimes undi- 
vided; umbels 1/-2’ broad; petals dark purple; fruit 
nearly 2’’ long, all the ribs usually winged. 
In woods, Rhode Island to New Jersey, Tennessee and 
Illinois. Purple Alexanders, June-July. 
Thaspium trifoliatum atreum ( Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. 
Club, 5: 240. 1894. 
Thaspium aureum Nutt. Gen. 1: 196. 1818. 
Flowers yellow. Range of the type. Golden Alexanders. 
2. Thaspium barbindde (Michx.) Nutt. Hairy-jointed Meadow-Parsnip. 
(Fig. 2652.) 
Smyrnium barbinode Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 
167. 1803. Z| 
Thaspium barbdinode Nutt. Gen. 1:196. 1818. 
Erect, divergently branched, 2°-4° high, 
pubescent at the joints and sometimes also 
on the young shoots and rays of the umbels. 
Leaves more or less petioled, mostly bipin- 
nate (the upper often simply pinnate and 
the basal 3-pinnate); segments ovate, acute 
at both ends, or rounded at the base, rather 
thin, incised-serrate or cleft, 1/-2’ long; 
umbels 1/2’ broad; flowers light yellow; 
fruit nearly 3/’ long, usually glabrous, 7 of 
the ribs commonly broadly winged. 
Along streams, Ontario to Minnesota, south 
to Florida, Kentucky and Arkansas. Ascends 
to 4200 ft. in North Carolina, May-June. 
SVE ES 
=i V7 zB 
\\ fe , 
— } T. barbinode angustifolium Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 12:137. 1887. 
pie Fe Leaf-segments more sharply cleft into narrower lobes; fruit 
“sal > puberulent. Pennsylvania to West Virginia and Illinois. 
3. Thaspium pinnatifidum (Buckl.) A. Gray. 
Cut-leaved Meadow-Parsnip. (Fig. 2653.) 
Zizia pinnatifida Buckl. Am. Journ. Sci. 45:175. 1843. 
Thaspium Walteri Shuttlw.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 79. 1850. 
Thaspium pinnatifidum A. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 155. 1856. 
Divergently branched, 2°-4° high, more pubescent than 
the preceding species. Leaves distant, ternately pinnatifid 
into numerous oblong or linear-oblong lobes, the basal ones 
long-petioled and very large; flowers light yellow; fruit 
14//-2%”’ long, puberulent, all the ribs winged, but 7 of 
the wings broader than the other 3. 
In woods and copses, Kentucky to North Carolina and Ten- 
nessee. June. * 
