Vor. II.J CARROT FAMILY. 519 
13. LIGUSTICUM L. Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. 
Perennial glabrous usually branching herbs, with aromatic roots, ternately compound 
leaves, and large compound umbels of white flowers. Involucre of several narrow mostly 
deciduous bracts. Involucels of numerous linear bracts. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Stylopo- 
dium conic. Fruit oblong or ovoid, scarcely flattened. Carpels dorsally compressed, the 
ribs prominent, acute, separated by broad intervals; oil-tubes 2-6 in the intervals. Seed- 
face flat or slightly concave. [Named from Liguria, where Lovage abounds. ] 
About 20 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, some 7 others 
occur in western North America. 
Leaves thin; fruit ovoid; southern species. 1. L. Canadense. 
Leaves fleshy; fruit oblong; northern sea-coast species. 2. L. Scoticum. 
1. Ligusticum Canadénse (L.) Britton. Nondo. Angelico. (Fig. 2654.) 
Ferula Canadensis 1,. Sp. Pl. 247. _1753- 
Ligusticum actaetfolium Michx. F1. Bor. Am. 
1: 166. 1803. 
Ligusticum Canadense Britton, Mem. Torr. 
Club, 5: 240. 1894 \ 
Stout, erect, much branched above, 2°-6° 
high. Leaves thin, those of the stem ses- 
sile or nearly so, the lower and basal petioled, 
often 1° wide, their primary divisions ternate, 
the secondary ternate or pinnate; segments 
ovate, or oval, 114-5’ long, acute at the apex, 
rounded at the base, coarsely and sharply 
serrate, or those of the uppermost leaves 
linear-lanceolate and entire; umbels mostly 
twice compound, sometimes 10’ broad; bracts 
of the involucre 2-6, linear; bracts of the 
involucels several; pedicels 1/’-2’’ long in 
fruit; fruit ovoid, 2’/-3/7 long with promi- 
nent slightly winged ribs; oil-tubes 3-4 in 
the intervals; seed angled on the back. 
In rch woods, southern Pennsylvania to 
Georgia, Missouri and Kentucky. Ascends to 
4ooo ft. in North Carolina. June—Aug. 
2. Ligusticum Scoticum [| 
Scotch Lovage. Sea Parsley. 
(Fig. 2655.) 
Ligusticum Scoticum ¥,. Sp. Pl. 250. 1753. 
Stem simple,or rarely slightly branched, 
10’-3° high. Leaves mostly biternate, 
the segments thick and fleshy, broadly 
obovate or oval, 1/4’ long, shining, ob- 
tuse or acute at the apex, narrowed or 
the terminal one rounded at the base, 
dentate with blunt or sharp teeth; um- 
bels 2/-4’ broad in fruit, the rays 1/-3/ 
long; pedicels 2’’-5’’ long; fruit oblong, 
3/’-5’’ long, the ribs prominent and some- 
what winged; seed rounded on the back. 
Along salt marshes, Connecticut to Labra- 
dor and the lower St. Lawrence river. Also 
on the Pacific coast and the shores of north- 
ern Europe and Asia. The plant of the New 
England coast has more acute leaf-segments 
than the typical form. July-Aug. 
14. AETHUSA L,. Sp. Pl. 256. 1753. 
Annual glabrous herbs, with pinnately dissected leaves, and compound umbels, both 
terminal and opposite the leaves. Involucre none, or of asingle bract. Bracts of the involu- 
cels I-5, setaceous, turned to one side. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals inflexed at the apex. 
Stylopodium broad, thick. Fruit globose-ovoid, glabrous. Carpels dorsally compressed, 
the ribs prominent, corky, acute, nearly equal; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. Seed-face 
flat. [Greek, burning, from the sharp taste. ] 
A monotypic genus of Europe and Asia. 
