524 UMBELLIFEREAE. (Vou. Il. 
2. Sanicula gregaria Bicknell. Clustered Snake-root. (Fig. 2665.) 
, Sanicula gregaria Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 
354. 1895. 
Stems erect, weak, usually clustered, 1°-3° 
high, umbellate-branched, the branches slen- 
der. Leaves thin, bright green, 5-divided; seg- 
ments stalked, obovate-cuneate to lanceolate, 
acute or acuminate, doubly serrate with bristle- 
tipped teeth, sharply incised, mostly less than 3’ 
long; basal leaves numerous, those of the stem 
only 1-2, petioled; involucral leaves large, 3- 
parted, those of the involucre foliaceous; pedi- 
cels of staminate flowers 1//-114’ long, 3 or 4 
times the length of the minute campanulate 
calyx; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; petals yellow- 
ish, much surpassing the calyx; anthers bright 
yellow; fruit stipitate, broadly obovoid, 14’” 
long, the slender styles recurved; bristles 
weak, very small; oil-tubes 5, small; seed not 
furrowed. 
In moist woods and thickets, southern New 
York to Virginia, Kansas and Nebraska. May- 
June. 
3. Sanicula Canadensis L. Short-styled 
Snake-root. (Fig. 2666.) 
Sanicula Canadensis \. Sp. Pl. 235. 1753. 
Sanicula Marylandica var. Canadensis Torr. Fl. U. 
S. 302. 1824. 
Rather dull green; 1°-4° high, widely branched, 
the branches forked, the umbellate fruit-bearing 
raysonly 1//-5//long. Stem leafy; leaves petioled, 
3-5-divided; segments cuneate-obovate to narrowly 
oblong, acute, mucronate-serrate, or incised, often 
small, but sometimes 314’ long; involucral leaves 
small; those of the involucel bract-like; staminate 
flowers few, on pedicels 1’’ long or less; calyx 14// 
long, parted into linear-lanceolate acute lobes which 
exceed the minute white petals; fruit short-stipitate, 
subglobose, 1//-114’’ long; the bristles slender; 
styles short, included: oil-tubes 5; seed dorsally 
furrowed. 
In dry woodlands, Massachusetts to Florida, Ne- 
braska and Texas. June-Aug. 
4. Sanicula trifoliata Bicknell. Large- 
fruited Snake-root. (Fig. 2667.) 
S. trifoliata Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club, 22: 359. 1895. 
Stem slender, 1°-2%° high, the branches 
alternate, the lower often nearly erect, simple, 
or forked into numerous branchlets; umbels of 
3-5 often irregular rays 4/’-12’’ long, leaves 
rather bright green, thin, slender-petioled, 3- 
divided, the lateral segments often cleft; seg- 
ments stalked, broadly ovate, or obovate, or the 
lateral ones rhomboid, acute, coarsely doubly 
serrate, or incised, the teeth spinulose-cuspidate; 
staminate flowers few, on slender pedicels about 
2// long; calyx 4’ long, its linear rigid lobes 
incurved, subulate; petals white, about half as 
long as the calyx; styles short, included; fruit 
3’/ long, or more; larger oil-tubes 2, with numer- 
ous minute ones; seed not sulcate. 
In hilly woods, Connecticut to Ontario, south- 
eastern New York and Indiana. June-July. 
