576 
Shrub 6'-2° high; leaves oblong, small; fruit blue. 8. 
Leaves serrulate, nearly or quite glabrous; low shrub; fruit blue. 9. V. Pennsylvanicum. 
Leaves pale and glaucous beneath, mostly glabrous both sides. 
Fruit black; shrub 6’-18' high; leaves oblong or oblanceolate. 10. V. nigrum. 
Fruit blue; shrubs 1°-6° high; leaves oblong, oval, obovate. 
Leaves firm, mostly entire, berry about 3’ in diameter. 11. V. vactllans. 
Leaves thin, sharply serrulate; berry 4''-6'' in diameter. 12. V. pallidum. 
% % Corolla open-campanulate, 4-5-lobed. 
VACCINIACEAE. {Vor II. 
V. Canadense. 
Flowers 4-parted; leaves small, coriaceous, persistent; low shrub. 13. V. Vitts-Idaea, 
Flowers 5-parted; leaves large, thin, deciduous; tall shrubs. 
Flower not jointed with its pedicel; anthers exserted. 
4. V. slamineum. 
I 
Flower jointed with its pedicel; anthers included; berry black. 15. V. arboreum. 
2. Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Dwarf 
(Fig. 2784.) 
Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. F1. Bor. Am, I: 234. 1803. 
A shrub, 3/-7’ high, much branched, nearly glabrous 
Leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, obtuse 
or acute, 6’’/-12’’ long, green and shining both sides, 
nearly sessile, serrulate with close bluntish teeth; flow- 
ers mostly solitary in the axils and longer than their 
drooping pedicels; calyx slightly 5-toothed (rarely 4- 
toothed); corolla obovoid or obovoid-oblong, pink or 
white, 5-toothed or rarely 4-toothed; stamens 10, rarely 
8; berry blue with a bloom, sweet, about 3/’ in diameter. 
Upper Stillwater, Maine, at 100 feet altitude; summits of 
the White Mountains; New Brunswick to Labrador, west 
through subarctic America to Alaska, south in the Rocky 
June-July. Fruit ripe Aug. 
throughout. 
Mountains to Colorado. 
1. Vaccinium uligindsum L. Great Bilberry. 
Bog Whortleberry. Bleaberry. (Fig. 2783.) 
Vaccinium uliginosum \,. Sp. Pl. 350. 1753- 
A stiff much-branched shrub, 6/-24’ high. Leaves 
thick when mature, glabrous or nearly so on both sides, 
dull, pale or glaucous beneath, obovate, oblong, or oval, 
obtuse, or retuse, narrowed at the base, entire, nearly 
sessile, finely reticulate-veined, 5’’/-12’’ long; flowers 2-4 
together, or sometimes solitary near the ends of the 
branches, mostly shorter than the drooping pedicels; 
calyx 4-lobed (sometimes 5-lobed); corolla pink, ovoid 
or urn-shaped, 4-5-toothed; stamens 8-10; berry blue with 
a bloom, about 3/’ in diameter, sweet. 
Summits of the mountains of New England and the Adiron- 
dacks, mainly above timber-line; Labrador, Quebec and 
shores of Lake Superior, to Alaska. Alsoin northern Europe 
and Asia. June-July. Fruit ripe July-Aug. 
aga) | 3. Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. 
{  Thin-leaved Bilberry. (Fig. 2785.) 
{ Vaccinium myrtillotdes Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 32. 
j 1834. Not Michx. 1803. 
Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl.; Hook. FI. Bor. 
Am. 2:32. As synonym. 1834. 
A branching shrub, 1°-5° high, nearly gla- 
brous throughout, the twigs slightly angled. 
Leaves oval, oblong or ovate, thin or mem- 
branous, green both sides, uot shining, acutish 
to acuminate, short-petioled, sharply and finely 
serrulate, 1’-2’ long; flowers mostly solitary in 
the axils, their recurved pedicels becoming erect 
in fruit; calyx-limb entire or slightly toothed; 
corolla depressed-globose or globose-urceolate, 
greenish or purplish, mostly 5-toothed; stamens 
mostly 10; berry dark purple, rather acid. 
In moist woods, northern Michigan; Oregon and 
British Columbia. June-July. Fruit ripe July-Aug. 
