Vor. II.]J GENTIAN FAMILY. 607 
stigma entire, or 2-lobed, or 2-cleft. Capsule mostly dehiscent by 2 valves. 
Seeds globose, angular or compressed; endosperm fleshy, copious; embryo 
small, terete or conic. 
About 65 genera and 600 species, widely distributed, most abundant in temperate regions. 
Leaves normal; corolla-lobes convolute in the bud. 
Style filiform; anthers usually twisting or recurving when old. 
Corolla salver-form, 1. Erythraea. 
Corolla rotate. 2. Sabbatia. 
Corolla campanulate-funnelform. 3. Eustoma. 
Style short, stout or none; anthers remaining straight. 
Corolla without nectariferous pits, glands or scales. 
Corolla funnelform, campanulate or clavate. 4. Gentiana, 
Corolla rotate. 5. Pleurogyne. 
1-2 nectariferous pits, glands or scales at the base of each corolla-lobe. 
Corolla rotate, a fringed gland at each lobe. 6. Frasera. 
Corolla campanulate, spurred at the base. 7. Tetragonanthus. 
Leaves, at least those of the stem, reduced to scales; corolla-lobes imbricated in the bud. 
Calyx of 4 lanceolate sepals; leaves all reduced to scales. 8. Bartonia, 
Calyx of 2 foliaceous spatulate sepals; upper leaves normal. ~ g. Obolaria. 
1. ERYTHRAEA Neck. Elem. 2: 10. 1790. 
Herbs, mostly annual or biennial, with sessile or amplexicaul leaves, and small or mid- 
dle sized commonly numerous pink white or yellow flowers in cymes or spikes. Calyx 
tubular, 5-4-lobed or -divided, the lobes or segments narrow, keeled. Corolla salverform, 
5-4-lobed, the tube long or short, the lobes spreading, contorted, convolute in the bud. 
Stamens 5 or 4, inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments short-filiform; anthers linear or ob- 
long, becoming spirally twisted. Ovary 1-celled, the placentae sometimes intruded; style 
filiform; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule oblong-ovoid or fusiform, 2-valved. Seed-coat reticulated. 
(Greek, red, the color of the flowers. ] 
About 25 species, natives of the Old World and western North and South America. Besides 
the following, about 8 others occur in the western and southwestern parts of the United States. 
Flowers spicate-racemose. 1. £. spicata. 
Flowers cymose or cymose-paniculate. 
Basal leaves tufted. 2. E. Centaurium., 
No tuft of basal leaves. 
Flowers cymose-paniculate, numerous. 3. E. pulchella. 
Flowers few, cymose; western. 4. £. exaltata, 
1. Erythraea spicata (L.) Pers. Spiked 
Centaury. (Fig. 2851.) 
Gentiana spicata l,. Sp. Pl. 230. _1753- 
Erythraea spicata Pers, Syn. 1: 283. 1805. 
Annual, glabrous, erect, strict, usually branched, 6/’— 
18’ high. Leaves oblong or lanceolate-oblong, sessile, 
obtusish at the apex, clasping at the base, }4/-112’ long, 
2//-7/’ wide; flowers pink, sessile, distant and spicate- 
racemose on the mostly simple and leafless branches, 
about 8’ long; tube of the corolla somewhat longer than 
the subulate calyx-segments, 2-3 times as long as the 
linear-oblong lobes; capsule 4/’-5’” long. 
Coast of Nantucket, and at Portsmouth, Va. Naturalized 
from Europe. May-Sept. 
2. Erythraea Centatrium (I,.) Pers. Lesser 
Centaury. Bitter-herb. Bloodwort. (Fig. 2852.) 
Gentiana Centaurium I,. Sp. Pl. 229. _ 1753. 
Erythraea Ceniaurium Pers. Syn. 1: 283. 1805. 
Annual, glabrous, erect, usually branched, 6/-15’ high. 
Leaves oblong, apex obtuse, the base narrowed; the lower 
forming a basal tuft, 1/-214’ long, 3//-6’’ wide; stem 
leaves smaller, distant, rounded at the sessile or slightly 
clasping base; flowers numerous, 6’/-8’ long, nearly ses- 
_ sile, in compound terminal mostly dense bracteolate 
cymes; corolla-lobes obtuse, 24%4’/-3/’ long, about as long 
as the calyx-segments and one-third to one-half as long 
as the corolla-tube; stigmas oval. 
In waste places, Nova Scotia and Quebec to Illinois. 
Naturalized from Europe. Calledalso Earth-gall. June-Sept. 
