LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 189 



Q., Ont. to foot-hills of Rockies; S. to Conn, and N. J.; W. to 

 Ind., Ills, and Minn. 



Minn, valley: N. E., N. W. and N. districts; marshy- 

 meadows and bogs. 



Herb. : Taylor 737, Glenwood; Ballard 145n, Chaska; 

 Ballard 423, New Prague, Scott Co.; Sandberg 504, Chisago Co. ; 

 Sandberg 505, Goodhue Co. ; Herb. Sheld. 1796, Minneapolis. 



Betiila nigra Linn. Spec. 982 (1753). 



J5. lanulosa Micnx. Fl. N. Am. II, 181 (1803). 

 B. rubra MiCHX. Arb. II, 142(1812). 

 B. angulata Lodd. Cat. (1836). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 472; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221; Webb., 

 Fl. Neb. 110; Upham, Fl. Minn. 128; Chap., Fl. S. St. 428; Cov., Fl. Ark. 

 220; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 45. 



North America: Mass. to N. J. and Fla.; W. to Minn., 

 Neb. , E. Kan. and Tex. 



Minn, valley: Forest district to Blue Earth Co.; local 

 and infrequent; river banks and lake shores. 

 Herb. : Holzinger 256, Winona Co. 



Betula i)Hpyrifera Marsh. Arbust. Amer. 19 (1785). 

 B. jMpyracea Ait. Hort. Kew. Ill, 337 (1789). 

 B. grandis ScnRA.D. Ind. Sem. Gott. 2 (1833). 

 B. canadensis Loud. Cab. (18.36). 

 B. latifolia Tausch, Flora XXI, 751 (1838). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 472; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 436; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 128; Wats., King Exp. 323; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 45; 

 Webb., Appx. Neb. 26. 



North America: Throughout Canada ("widest range 

 of any Canadian tree" — Macoun.) to Arctic ocean; S. to N. Eng., 

 N. Penn., N. Ills, and Minn., Dak. and N. Neb. 



Minn, yalley : Forest district to Renville Co. ; rare and 

 local S. W. ; but abundant N. E. districts. Woodland along 

 streams. 



Herb. : Ballard 290n, Jordan, Scott Co. ; Herrick 275, 

 Minneapolis; Sandberg 503, Red Wing. 



ALNUS Gaertn. Fruct. II, 54, t. 90 (1791). 



Alua.ster Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 200(1841). 

 Aluobetula Schur. Transsylv. 614 (1866). 

 Semiclopsi.s Zumag. Fl. Ped. I, 249 (1849). 

 Clethropsis Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 201 (1841). 

 Baillon, Hist. PI. VI, 254; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI. Ill, 404; Du- 

 rand, Ind. Gen. Plum. 380; Englerand Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, 1, 45 (Prantl): 

 Schenck, Palaeoijhyt. 414. 



Living species: 14; Europe; Mid. and N. Asia; N. and 

 S. America, extropical; S. Africa. Europe, 6; Russia, 4; Rus- 



