190 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



sian Europe, 3; Rocky mts., 3; E. Sts., 4; S. Sts., 2; Canada, 

 4-5; California, 4; PI. King, 3; Pi. Wheel., 2; N. America, 

 excl. Mexico, b. 



Fossil species: 30; Cretaceous; Alnus and Alnites, 

 Alno2)hyllum, Nebraska and Colo. {Lesquereaux); Tertiary, N. 

 America {Lesqx.); Tertiary, polar regions (Heer); Europe, 

 (Saporta, linger); Quaternary and recent, Forest -bed of 

 Cromer, etc. 



Alnus incaiia (Linn.) Willd. Spec. IV, 333 (1805). 



Betiila incana Linn. f. Suppl. 417 (1781). 

 Alnus glauca MiCHX. Hist. Arb. II, 322 (1812). 

 A. crispa Puksh, F1 Am. 623 (1814) -partly. 

 A. intermedia Schrad. Herb. Hort. Gott. 



A. incana var. vulgaris Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2, XV, 206 (1841). 

 A. incana var. glauca Gray, Man. erl. I, 423 (1848). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 473; Britt., Fl. N. J. 221: Wats., 

 Fl. Calif. II, 81; Coult., Fl. Colo. 332; Webb., Fl. Neb. 109; Upham, F\. 

 Minn. 128; Miyabe, Fl. Kur. 259, in var.; Herri., Fl. Eur. Russ. 120; Wats., 

 King Exp. 322; Roth., Wheel. Exp. 239; Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, 1, 46; 

 Hart., Scand. Fl. I, 378; Rothr., Alask. 454. 



Northern Europe and Asia to Yezo and Saghalin. 

 North America: Newf. throughout Can. to the Rocky 

 mts.; S to Mass. and N. J.; W. to E. Neb., Minn., Dak. and 

 Colo. ; Oregon to Saskatchewan and S. in mts. to Nevada and 

 Mexico; N. to Alaska. 



Minn, valley: N. E'., and probably N. W. districts; 

 along streams and around marshes. 



XXVI. FAGACEAE. Oak Family. 



Endlicher, Gen. PL 274 (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI. Ill, 403 

 (1880)— Trihw^Ul, Cupuliferae; Baillon, Hist. PI. VI, 227 (1877), Castanea- 

 ceae in part; Prantl, Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pfianz. 3, 1, 47 (18»7). 



Genera: 4; 3 distributional centers according to Prantl, 

 (1) N. extratropical regions (Fagus, Castanea § Eucastaiiea, 

 (^uerciis); (2) tropical Asia ((Juercus i^ Fasania, Castanea § 

 Castanopsis): (3) Antartic S. America, New Zealand, S. Aus- 

 tralia ('Nothofagus). 



Species: 350±, living; 200-225; fossil. Cretaceous, Ter- 

 tiary and Recent. 



(^uercus Linn. Gen. 72(3 (1737). 



Cy<*lobalauii.s, Oyclobalaiiopsis, Pa.saiiia Oerst. Liebni. 

 Chtnes. AriK^r. Tn.p. 19, 20 (1837V). 



S.yuae<lr.v.s Lindl. Ititrod. ed. 2, 441 (1835). 

 Lithocar|>ii.s Blumk, Fl. .Jav. Ciipul. .34, t. 20 (1832?). 



