LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 201 



XXXI. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort 

 Family. 



Endlicher; Gen. PI. :Ui (1840); Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI. Ill, 121 

 (1880); Solereder in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 264 (1889). 



Genera: 5; warmer and tropical regions; principally 

 S. America, and absent from Australia. Doubtful remains in 

 Cretaceous and Tertiary. 



Species: liiOO; 90 per cent, in genus Aristolochia of the 

 tropical and subtropical regions. 



ASARUM Linn. Gen. 385 (1737). 



Heterotropa Mokr. and DeCne. Ann.Sci. Nat. II, 2, 314 (1834). 

 Balllon, Hist. PI. IX, 21; Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI. Ill, 122; Durand, 

 Ind. Gen. Phan. 345; Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, I, 271 (Solereder); 

 Schenck, Palaeophyt. 707. 



Living species: 13; temperate regions, N. hemisphere; 

 Europe, 1; Himalayas, 1; Japan, 7; North America, 4; E. Sts., 

 3: Canada. 2; S. Sts., 3; California, 3. 



Fossil species: Cretaceous of Nebraska and Europe? 



Asarum cauadeiise Linn. Spec. ed. 2, 633 (1762). 



A. carolinianum Walt. F1. Car. 143(1788). 

 A. latifolium SAL,isii. Prodr. 344 (1796). 

 A. villoswn MuiiL. Cat. (1813). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 44.5; Britt., Fl. N. J. 212; Mac, Fl. 

 Can. I, 418; Upham, Fl. Minn. 116; Chap., Fl. S. St. 371; Cov., Fl. Ark. 216; 

 Engl. Solered. Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 1, 271. 



North America: N. Br., Q., Ont. to 49° N. lat. in 

 Man. and Saskatchewan; S. to N. Eng., N. J., N. Car. and W. 

 to Minn, and Dak. 



Minn valley: Throughout; shaded river banks and 

 moist woodland. 



Herb.: Sheldon 14.6, Madison Lake; Ballard 52n, 

 Chaska; Holzinger 198, Winona Co.; Kassube 200, Minneapolis; 

 Arthur 159, Vermilion lake; Leonard 42, Minneapolis; Winchell 

 19, Minneapolis; Sandberg 475, Goodhue Co.; Hei'b. Sheld. 1875, 

 Ramsey Co.; Herb. Wickersheim 110, Idlewild, Lincoln Co. 



ARISTOLOCHIA Linn. Gen. 639 (1737). 

 Olossula Raf. ex. Balllon. 1. c. (1888). 

 Pistolochia Raf. ex. Balllon, 1. c. (1888). 

 V Emlotleca Raf. ex. Baillon, 1. c. (1888). 

 Howardia and Eiiionienia Klotzsch, Monatb. Berl. 607 (1859). 

 Siphi.sia Raf. Med. Fl. I, 62 (1828). 

 Hocquartia Dum. Comra. Bot. 30 (1822). 

 Holostylis DucHARTKE. Ann. Sci. Nat. 4, II, 33 (1855). 

 Giiaco LiEBM. Forh. Scand. Nat. 203 (1844). 



