230 METASPEKMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Genera: 25; cosmopolitan; principally N. hemis- 

 phere. 



Species: 1,000±; many cosmopolitan. 



HYDRASTIS Linn. Gen. ed. VI, 704 (1764). 

 Baillon, Hist. PI. I, 87; Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI. I, 7: Engler and 

 Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, II, 55; Durand, Lid. &en. Plian.2; Gray, 2«. Gen. 47. 

 Living species: 2; Northern Japan, ]; subarctic and 

 Atlantic forest region of N. Amer., 1. 



Hydrastis canadensis Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 784 (1763). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 48; Britt., Fl. ISf. J. 40; Chap., Fl. 

 S. St. 11; Upham, Fl. Minn. 20; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 27, 483; Engl. Prantl, 

 Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 2, 55; Cov., Fl. Ark. 163; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 14. 



North America: W. Ont. and Niagara river to N. Y., 

 N. J. and Ga. ; W. to Ohio. Tenn., Minn., Mo. and Ark. 



Minn, valley: Reported from N. edge, and probably 

 occurring rarely in N. forest region. 



CALTHA Linn. Gen. 463 (1737). 



Thacla Spach, Suit. Buff. VII, 295 (1839). 

 Psychrophila Gay, Fl. Chile 1, 47 (1845). 

 Populago TouRN. Inst. 273 (1700). 

 Baillon, Hist. PI. I, 23 (sub Trollius); Benth. and Hook.. Gen. PI. I, 

 6: Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanz. 3, II, 56: Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 2; 

 Gray, 111. Gen. I, 31. 



Living species: 16 ±; 9 (B. and H.); 10 species in 

 northern, extratropical regions; 6-8 sp. Andes and Antarctic 

 America, Australia and New Zealand. Russia, 4; N. America, 

 4-9; Canada, 4-6; E. Sts. 1; Calif., 2; S. Sts., 1; PI. King, 1; 

 PI. Wheel., 1; Russian Europe, 2; Rocky mts., 1-2. 



Caltlia palustris Linn. Spec. 784 (1753). 



C. arctica R. Br. Parr. 1st Voy. Appx. 265 (1824). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 44; Britt., Fl. N. J. 38: Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 20; Hook., Fl. Gt. Brit. 11; Trautv., Fl. Sib. 12; Kegel, Fl. 

 O.-Sib. I, 52; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 23; Forbes and Hems., Fl. Sin. I, 17; Led., 

 Fl. Ross. I, 48; Nym., Fl. Eur.: Herd., Fl. Russ. Eur. 10; Engl. Prantl, 

 Nat. Pflanz. Ill, 2, 56; Gov., Fl. Ark. 163; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 8; Hart., 

 Fl. Scand. I, 174i Rothr., Alask. 442. 



Europe; N. and W. Asia and Siberia to Himalayas and 

 China. 



North America: Canada throughout and N. U. S. to 

 Md., Ohio, Iowa, Dak. and Mont. 



Minn, valley: Throughout at lower levels; swamps, 

 sloughs, wet meadows, openings and with tamaracks. 



Herh. : Sheldon 780, Sleepy Eye; Sandberg 36, Can- 

 non Falls; Leonard 3, Minneapolis; Herrick 17, Minneapolis, 



