356 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Minn, valley: local; New Ulm; rare; sandy ridges and 

 rocks. 



Ceanothus americanus Linn. Spec. 195 (1753). 



C. trinervus Moench, Meth. 651 (1794). 

 C. herbaceus Raf. Med. Repos. V, 360 (1808). 

 C. perennis and intermedins Pursh, F1. Am. 167 (1814). 

 C. sanguineus "Nutt. Geo. 1, 153 (1818). 

 C. officinalis Raf. Med. Bot. II, 205 (1830). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 112; Britt., Fl. N. J. 77; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 39; Webb., Fl. Neb. 122: Chap., Fl. S. St. 74; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 

 95; Coult., Fl. Tex. 60;Cov.,Fl. Ark. 172; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 163. 



North America: Ont. to Man. ; S. to N. Eng., N. J. 

 and Fla. ; W. to Minn., Neb., Ark., Miss, and W. Tex. 



Minn, valley: Throughout; dry and open woodland 

 and along river banks. 



Herb.: Sheldon 1171, New Ulm; Ballard 740, Waco- 

 nia; Sheldon 931, Redwood Palls; Ballard 465, Prior's lake, 

 Scott Co.; AS/ieZcZon 754, Sleepy Eye; Ballard 566, Prior's lake, 

 Scott Co. ; i?e?'ncA; 66, Minneapolis; Kassube 49, Rocky lake; 

 Sandberg 115, Red Wing. 



RHAMNUS Linn. Gen. 165 (1737) em. 

 Alatermis Tourn. Inst. 595 (1700). 

 Frangula Moench, Meth. Suppl. 271 (1802). 

 Marcorella Neck. Elem. 799 (1790). 

 Cardiolepis Rafin. Neogen, 2 (1825). 

 Sciadopliila Phil. Linn. XXVIII, 618 (1854). 

 Rhamuella Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. Ill, 30 (1857). 

 Microrliaiuims Maxi^i. Mem. Ac. Petr. 

 Benth. and Hook., Gen. PI. I, 377; Baillon, Hist. PI. VI, 74; Durand,. 

 Ind. Gen. Plum. 68; Schenck, Palaeophyt. 585. 



Living species : 70 ± ; temperate regions of Europe, 

 Asia and America; a few in the tropics; absent from Africa, 

 Australia and Oceanica. N. America, 6-7; E. Sts., 3, W. Sts., 

 3-4. 



Fossil species : Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary; Green- 

 land, W. America, Siberia, Europe, Azores, Switzerland, Java; 

 15-20 sp. {Lesquereaux, Heer, GOppert). 



Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her. Sert. Angl. 5 (1788). 

 R. franyuloides MiCHX. Fl. Am. I, 153 (1803). 

 R. alpinus Rich. Fraukl. Journ. 6 (1823). 



Oirtanneria alnifolia a,m\ franyuloides Raf. Fl. Tellur. 28 (1836). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. Ill; Britt., Fl. N. J. 76; Wats.,, 

 Bibl. Ind. I, 168; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 96; Webb., Fl. Neb. 122; Upham, Fl.. 

 Minn. 38. 



