866 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Genera: 18-20; cosmopolitan. 



Species : ^50 ± ; cosmopolitan ; herbaceous in temper- 

 ate, shrubby in tropical regions. 



yiOLA Linn. Gen. 679 (1737). 



Muemion Spach, Suit. Buff. V, 510 (1836). 

 Chrysiou Spach, 1. c. 509 (1836). 

 Lophioii Spach, 1. c. 516 (1836). 

 Erpetion DC. ex Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 170 (1823). 

 Baillon, Hist. PI. IV, 351; Bentli. and Hook., Gen. PI. I, 117; Durand, 

 Incl Gen. Phan. 23; Gray, III. Gen. I, 185. 



Living species; 250 described; 150 reduced; 100 (B. 

 and H.); three-fourths in temperate northern hemisphere, rest 

 in southern; almost the whole earth (Durand). Russia, 40 -i- 

 Europe, 56; Russian Europe, 26; N. America, 35; Calif., 15 

 Canada, 27-30; E. Sts., 17-19; Rocky mts., 8-10; S. Sts., 16 

 PL King, 8-9; PI. Wheel., 4; W. Tex., 4. 



Tiola sylvestris Lam. Fl. Fr. II, 680 (1778). 



V. uliginosa Muhl. Cat. 25 (1813). 

 T; debilis Pursh. Fl. Am. 174 (1814). 

 V. mulilenbercjiana Gingixs, DC. Prodr. I, 297 (1824). 

 V. muhlenhergii Tork. Fl. U. S. I, 256 (1824). 

 V. canino. var. sylvestris Kegel, Fl. O.-Sib. 1, 245 (1862). 

 V. canina var. muhlenhergii Trautv. Fl. Sib. 28 (1877). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 81; Britt., Fl. N. J. 57; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 29; Chap., Fl. S. St. 34; Brew, and Wats., Fl. Calif. 56; Mac, 

 Fl. Can. I, 63: Led., Fl. Boss. I, 253; Herd., Fl. Russ. Eur. 22; Roth., 

 Wheel. Exp. 68; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I. 82; Forbes and Hems., FL Sin. 55. 



Russian Europe; Siberia to Baikals, Amui'., Kamtka , 

 China. 



North America: Greenland to Alaska; S. thro. Can. 

 to N. Eng., N. J. and Va.; W. to Minn., Dak. and Colo. 



Minn, valley: N. E. and N. edge; forest region and in 

 tamarack swamps. 



Herb. : Sheldon 1605, Ramsey Co. 



Viola striata Ait. Hort. Kew. Ill, 290 (1789). 



V. debilis Michx. Fl. I, 150 (1803). 

 V. lewisidna GiNO. DC. Prodr. I, 298 (1824). 

 V. ochroleuca Schw. Am. .Journ. Sci. I, 5, 66 (1824). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. G ed. 80; Britt., Fl. N. J. 57; Chap.,Fl. 

 S. St. 34; Upham, Fl. Minn. 29; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 63; Wats., Bibl. Ind. 

 I, 87. 



North America: Ont. and N. Eng. to mts. of Ga. ; W. 

 to Minn, and Mo. 



Minn, valley: N. edge and to the W. edge on higher 

 levels; flat and wooded grounds. 



