LIST OF HIGHER SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS. 371 



S. St. 33; Upham, Fl. Minn. 29; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 63, 492; Gov., Fl. Ark. 

 167; Wats., Bibl. Ind. 1, 85. 



North America: Lat. 53^ N. on Saskatchewan; N. 

 Eng. to Minn.; S. to N. J., Tenn., Mo. and Ark. 



Minn, valley: Ft. Snelling to Brown Co. and along N. 

 edge; rich prairies Of drift-covered hillsides. 



Herb. : Sheldon 969, Sleepy Eye; Kassube 38, St. 

 Anthony Park; Oestlund 17, Hennepin Co. ; Sandberg SI, Red 

 Wing; Holzinger 30, Winona Co.; Herb. Sheld. 1836, Minnea^- 

 polis. 



LXXllI. CACTACEAE. Cactus Family. 



Endlicher, Gen. PI 942 (1836-40), Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant. 1, 

 845 (1868); Baillon, Hist. PL IX, 28 (1888). 



Genera: 13; tropical and sub-tropical America; ex- 

 tending to Canada and Central Chile; 1 in Africa, Madagascar 

 and Mauritius. 



Species: 1000 ± ; almost all confined to desert places. 



OPUNTIA Mill. Diet. ed. 8 (1768). 



Cactus Linn. Gen. ed. VI, 616 (1764) in part. 

 Tuna Dill. Hort. Elth. 383 (1774). 



Consolea Lemaire, ex Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 153 (1888). 

 Baillon, Hist. PI. IX, 40; Benth. and Hook. Gen. PL I, 851; Durand, 

 Ind. Gen. Phan. 153. 



Living species: 200 described; tropical and warmer 

 America, 1 sp. in old world. Perhaps only 30 distinct; W. 

 Tex., 19; E. Sts., 4; Canada, 4; Rocky mts., 6; S. Sts., 4; Cali- 

 fornia, 14-17; PI. Wheel, 13; PL King, 11. 



Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Syn. Succ. Suppl. 82(1819). 

 Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. I, 296 (1818). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 197; Webb., Fl. Neb. 125; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 59; Coult., Fl. Colo. 112; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 532; Wats., King. Exp. 

 119; Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 406. 



North America: Vancouver to Brit. Col. and S. Man. ; 

 Upper Missouri and Yellowstone to N. Mex. ; E. to Minn., 

 Wise. , Iowa, Neb. and Kan. 



Minn, valley: S. W. district; rocks and ledges or dry 

 hillsides. New Ulm? to Dakota line. 



Herb.: Sheldon 1494, Pipestone City; Sheldon 958,. 

 Redwood Palls. 



Opuntia missourieasis DC. Prodr. IH, 472 (1828). 

 Cactus ferox Nutt. Gen. I, 296 (1818) not Willd. 

 Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Syn. Succ. Suppl. 82 (1819;. 



