372 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 197; Mac, Fl. Can. I, 177; Webb., 

 Fl. Neb. 125; Coult., Fl. Colo. Ill; Upham, Fl. Minn. 59; Wats., KingExp. 

 118; Roth., Wheel. Exp. 129; Cov., Fl. Ark. 184; Wats., Blbl. Ind. I, 407. 



North America: Colo, and Mont, to Neb., Minn., 

 Kan., Ark., Mo. and Wise. 



Minn, valley: S. W. ed^e; ledges of quartzite or 

 syenitic rock; rare. 



Herb.: Sheld. 1495, Pipestone City; Huntington 27, 

 Rock Co. 



Opuntia raflnesqiiii Engelm. 'Pac. R. R. Rep. IV, 41 



(1856). 



Cactus opuntia Tore. Fl. U. S. 466 (1824) in part. 

 Opuntia mesacantha and caespitosa Raf. Bull. Bot. (1830). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 197; Webb., Fl. Neb. 125; Upham, 

 Fl. Minn. 59; Coult., Fl. Col. Ill; Cov., Fl. Ark. 184; Coult., Fl. Tex. 135: 

 Wats., Bibl. Ind. I, 408. 



North America: Ont. to Nantucket, N. J. and Pla. ; 

 Mississippi valley; Mich., Minn, to Neb., Kan., Ky., Ark., 

 Colo, and W. Tex. 



Minn, valley: Central S. district, on ledges of rock in 

 bed of river Warren; New Ulm to Dakota line. 



Herb. : Sheldon 1204, Redstone, near New Ulm. 



LXXIV. THYMELAEACEAE. Mezereum 

 Family. 



Lindl. Veg. King 530 (1846); Baillon, Hist. PL VI, 100 (1877); Endlicher, 

 Gen. PL 329, 332 (1836-40)— J)«p^iioideae and Aquilarineae; Bentham and 

 Hooker, Gen. Plant. Ill, 186 (1880). 



Genera: 37 ± ; temperate regions, especially abundant 

 in Australia, S. Africa and Mediterranean region. 



Species: 375±, living; 30-40 fossil in Tertiary rocks. 



DIRCA Linn. Diss. Chenon. (1751), Gen. V, 437 (1754). 

 Dofia Adans. Fam. II, 285 (1763). 

 Baillon, Hist. PI. VI, 130; Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI. Ill, 191; Durand, 

 Ind. Gen. Phan. 354. 



Living species: 1-2; E U. S. and California. 



Dirca paliistris Linn. Amoen. Ill, 12 (1756). 



Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 448; Britt., Fl. N. J. 213; Mac, 

 Fl. Can. I, 420; Chap., Fl. S. St. 395; Upham, Fl. Minn. 121; Cov., Fl. 

 Ark. 217. 



North America: N. Br., Q., Ont. to Owen Sound; S. to 

 Fla. ; W. to Minn., Mo., Neb.? and Ark. 



Minn, valley: Forest district and N. edge; banks of 

 streams and low thickets. 



