558 METASPERMAE OF THE MINNESOTA VALLEY. 



Herb. : Ballard 519, Prior's lake, Scott Co. ; Ballard 

 499, Scott Co. ; Taylor 383, Janesville; Taylor 316, Janesville; 

 Sheldon 106\, Elysian; Herrick 172, Sandy lake; Sandberg 347, 

 Center City; Herb. Moyer 151, Stevens lake, Chippewa Co. 



CNICUS Linn. Gen. 633 (1737). 



Picnomon Adans. Fam. II, 116(1763). 



Breea Less. Syn. Comp. 9 (1832). 



Onoporduni Linn Gen. 927 (1737). 



Acanos Adans. Fam. II, 116 (1763). 



Liainyra, Platyraphium, Ptilostemon, Orthocentron, Lo- 

 phiolepis, Eriolepis, Notobasis Cass. Diet. XXV-XLIV (1826). 



Echenais Cass. Bull. Philom. (1818). 



Spanioptilon Less, Comp. Syn. 10(1832). 



Xylanthena, Cephalonoplos Neck. Elem. 67, 68 (1790). 



Chamaepeuce DC. Prodr. Yl, 657 (1837). 



Ancathia DC. Guill. Arch. Bot. II, 331 (1833). 



Picnocomon and Acarna Vaill. Acad. Par. (1718). 



Epitrachys K. Koch, Linn. XXIV, 396(1850). 



Omitrophis Cass, ex Dur. 1. c. (1888). 



Cirsium DC. Fl. Fr. IV, 110 (1805). 

 BsiiWon, Hist. PI. YLll, 5 (sub Carduusy.Benth. and Hook., Gen. PL 

 II, 468; Durand, Ind. Oen. Phan. 225. 



Living species: 175 ± ; Europe; Asia; Africa; N. and S. 

 America; extra-tropical. Introduced elsewhere. Europe, 65; 

 Russia, 55; Russian Europe, 22; North America, 35; Rocky 

 mts., 12; Canada, 13; E. Sts., 7; S. Sts., 9; California, 12-14; PI. 

 King, 5; PL Wheel., 8; W. Tex., 6. 



Cnicus odoratus (Muhl.) B. S. P. Cat. N. Y. (1888). 

 Cardials odoratus Muhl. Cat. 70 (1813). 

 Carduus pumihis and var. hystrix Nutt. Gen. II, 130 (1818). 

 Cirsium pumilum Spreng. Syst. Ill, 375 (1826). 

 Cnicus pumilus Torr. Corapend. 282 (1826). 

 Wats, and Coult., Gray's Man. 6 ed. 296; Britt., Fl. N. J. 151; Mac, Fl. 

 Can. I, 269; Upham, Fl. Minn. 88; Gray, Syn. Fl. I, 2, 401. 



North America: Maine to Penn. and N. J.; W, to 

 Man. and Minn. 



Minn, valley: N. E., N. and N. W. districts; dry fields 

 or sparsely wooded ridges. 



Herb.: Ballard 574, Prior's lake, Scott Co.; Taylor 

 1013, Glen wood; Sandberg 351, Cannon Falls. 



Cnicus muticus (Michx.) Pursh, Fl. Am. 506 (1814). 



Cirsium muticum MiCHX. Fl. Am. II, 89 (1803). 

 Carduus muticus and ylaher (?) Ndtt. Gen. II, 129 (1818). 

 Cnicus glutinosus Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 cd. 291 (1824). 

 Cirsium bigek/vii DC. Prodr. VI, 640 (1837). 

 Wats, and Coult, Gray's Man. 6 ed. 296; Britt., Fl. N. J. 151; Upham, 



