Galium. RUBIACE.E. 37 



G. prolif erum, Gray. More branching, less hispidulons or glabrate, weaker : leaves thin- 

 ner, oval or oblong, alternate oues rather smaller : flowers solitary terminating a pedunculi- 

 forni axillary branch of twice or thrice the length of the whorled leaves, and the fruit barely 

 surpassed by its pair of bracts, or one or even two more by prolification from the bracts : 

 fruit of the preceding. — PI. Wright, ii. 67. G. virgntum, var. ffijf'nsiim, Gray, PI. Wright, 

 i. 80. — Stony hills, along the Kio Grande between Texas and New Mexico, Wright, &c. 

 Hills near Tucson, Arizona, Pn'm/le. Perhaps S. Utah, M. E. Jones, specimen insufficient. 

 (Adj. Mex., Palmer.) 



* * Perennials, wholly herbaceous: slender roots of several species containing red coloring-matter 

 (madder): flowers hermaphrodite (at least not dioecious): bristles on the fruit short and uncinate 

 or none. 

 •i— Leaves in fours throughout or rarely even fewer, comparatively large, either broad or inch or 



more long, none cuspidate-pointed, 

 ++ Broad, one-nerved, with usually an obscure pair of lateral veins at base: flowers yellowish 

 white to brown-purplish: fruit hispid. 



G. pilosum, Ait. Commonly hirsutulous-pubescent : stems ascending, two feet long, panic- 

 ulately branched above : leaves oval, callous-mucronulate, puncticulate (the largest hardly 

 inch long): cymules few-flowered: flowers all short-pedicelled. — Ait. Kew. i. 145; Pursh, 

 Fl. i. 104; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 24. G. Bermudense, L. Spec. i. 105, as to syn. Pluk., from 

 which also the specific name, but with the incongruous char. " foliis linearibus " ; and the 

 plant seems unknown from Bermuda. G. pin-/mreum, Walt. Car. 87, not L. G. puncticulosuiii, 

 var. pilosum. DC. Prodr. iv. 601. — Open woods in dry soil, S. New England to Indiana, 

 Arkansas, Texas, and Florida. (G. ohovatum, HBK., of S. America, is near to this.) 



Var. puncticulosum, Tokr. & Gray, 1. c. Almost glabrous : leaves varying to 

 elliptical-oblong, hispidulous-ciliate. — G. Bermudense, L. 1. c. as to syn. Gronov. G'. puncticu- 

 losum, Michx. Fl. i. 80; DC. 1. c. G. Bennudianum, Pursh, Fl. i. 104. G. punctatum, Pers. 

 Syn. i. 128. — Virginia to Texas. 



++ ++ Leaves broad, distinctly 3-ncrved, pointless or merely callous-mucrouate: flowers never 



bright white. 

 = Fruit hispid: cymes rather few-flowered, with divisions or peduncles in fruit divaricate or di- 

 verging: corolla from dull cream-color or greenish to brown-purplish: stems comparatively 

 simple and low. 

 G. Kamtschaticum, Steller. A span to a foot high : stems weak, mainly glabrous : 

 leaves orbicular to oblong-ovate, thin (half-inch to inch or so long), slightly pilose or hirsutu- 

 lous, at least the nerves and margins : flowers few or several in the pedunculate cymules, 

 all distinctly and rather slenderly pedicellate : corolla glal)rous, yellowish white, not turning 

 dark, its lobes merely acute. —Steller in Roem. & Schult. Syst. iii. Mant. 186; Gray, Proc. 

 Am. Acad. xix. 80. G. obocutum, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 412 ; Schmidt, Fl. Sachal. 263 ; Maxim. 

 Mel. Biol. ix. &c., not of HBK., which is S. Amer. and has pinnately veiny leaves. G. Lit- 

 tellii, Oakes in Hovey Mag. vii. 177 (1841) ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 388. G. cirrcezans, 

 var. montanum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 24. — Mormtains of Gaspe, Lower Canada [Dr. Allen), 

 higher mountains of New England (fJttell, Tuckerman, Oakes, &c.); also those of Oregon 

 and Washington Terr. (Hall, Howell, Henderson, Suksdorf, chiefly forms with oblong-ovate 

 and acutish leaves), to Unalaska, Eschscholtz. (Adj. E. Asia, the Sachalin plant exactly that 

 of N. New England and Canada.) 

 G. circsezans, Michx. About a foot liigh, hirsutulous-pubescent or glabrate : leaves oval 

 or oblong-ovate, obtuse (largest inch and a half long) : flowers short-pedicelled or subsessile 

 in the fork and along the simple branches of the cyme : fruit at length deflexed : corolla 

 greenish, hirsutulous outside, the lobes acute or acuminate. — Fl. i. 80 : DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. excl. vars. G. hrnchiaimn, Muhl. Cat., not Pursh. G. horealel Walt. Car. 257. 

 G. circceoi'des, Roem. & Schult. Syst. iii. 256. — Dry woods, Canada to Florida, N. W. Arkan- 

 sas, and Texas. Leaves sweet-tasted, wherefore called Wild Liquorice. 

 G. lanceolatum, Torr. A foot or two high, simple-stemmed, nearly glabrous: leaves 

 (except lowest) broadly lanceolate, verging to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acutish (2 inches 

 long): corolla glabrous, larger and the lobes more acuminate than in preceding, yellowish 

 turning dull purple: inflorescence similar: fruit less hispid. — Fl. N. & Midd. States, 168; 

 Hook. Fl. i. 280; Gray, Man. G. Torreyi, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 56. G. circaezans, var. 



