38 RUBIACEiE. Galium. 



lanctokitam, Torr. Cat. PL N. Y. 23; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 24. — Dry woods. New England 



to Upper Michigan and Canada. 



= = Fruit very smootli and glabrous, rather fleshy: corolla dark brown-purple ; lobes acuminate. 



G. latifolium, Michx. A foot or more high, somewhat glabrous : leaves oblong- to ovate- 

 lanceolate (mostly 2 inches long), hispidnlous-ciliate, lineate-puncticulate, almost petiolate : 

 cymes effusely paniculate, many-flovvered ; flowers on filiform pedicels, which are erect even 

 in fruit. — Fl. i. 79; DC. Prodr. iv. 599; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 25, e.xcl. var. — Open woods 

 in tlie Alleghany Mountains, Penn. {Porter) to Carolina ajid Tennessee, first coll. by Mirliuux. 

 ++ ++ -H- Leaves narrow, with lateral nerves obscure or none: otherwise like G. lutifuliam. 



(j. Arkansanum, Gray. Less than foot liigli: stem and branches glabrous, slender: 

 leaves from lanceolate to linear (at most inch long, 1 to 3 lines wide), hispidulous-ciliate on 

 the margins and midrib beneath : effuse cymes, flowers, &c. of the last preceding : fruiting 

 pedicels minutely upwardly scabrous. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 80. G. latifolium. var., Torr. 

 & Gray, 1. c. — Arkansas, near the Hot Springs, Engelmann, Dr. Foreman. 



++++++•!-»- Leaves narrow, distinctly 3-nerved, blunt : flowers bright white, copious. 



G. boreale, L. lu-ect, a foot or two high, mostly smooth and glabrous, very leafy : -leaves 

 from linear to broadly lanceolate, often with fascicles of smaller ones in the axils : flowers 

 in numerous close cymules collected in a terminal and ample thyrsiform panicle ; the upper- 

 most leaves being reduced to pairs of small oblong or oval bracts : fruit small, liispiduhms, 

 or' at first canescent and soon glabrous and smooth. — Spec.i. 108; Fl. Dan. t. 1024; Pursh, 

 I'l. i. 104 ; Hook. Fl. i. 289 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. septentrionale, Rcem. & Schult. Syst. iii. 

 253 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 601. G. stricfum, Torr. Cat. PI. N. Y. 23. G. ruhioides of Am. authors, 

 form with smooth fruit and broadish leaves. (True G. ruhioides, L., N. Asia to Kamtschatka, 

 has evident reticulate venation between the ribs of tlie broader leaves, and enlarged vesicu- 

 lar as well as smooth fruit.) — Rocky banks of streams, Canada to Penn., New Mexico, Cali- 

 fornia, and nortli to Arctic regions, in various forms. (Eu., N. Asia.) 



-)— -i— Leaves in fours, fives, or sixes, small, one-nerved, pointless: plants low, slender and weak, 

 and slender-rooted: flowers very small, white: fruit smooth and glabrous. 



G. Brandegei, Gray. Loosely cespitose-depressed, with the aspect of Callitriche or Elatine, 

 smootli and nearly glabrous : brandies or stems a span or less long : leaves in fours, ol)Ovate 

 to spatulate-oblong, slightly succulent, 1 to 3 lines long, one or two of the whorl usually 

 smaller tlian the others ; midril> indistinct : peduncles solitary in upper axils or geminate 

 and terminal, one-flowered, little longer than the leaves. — Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 58. — New 

 Mexico, in valley of the upper part of the Rio Grande at Los Piuos, 9,000 feet, spreading on 

 moist ground, Brande<jee. 



G. trifidum, L. Weakly erect, liranching, 5 to 20 inches higli, smootli and glabrous, except 

 the retrorsely scabrous angles of the stem and usually more hispidulous and sparse rough- 

 ness of tlie midrib beneath and margins of the leaves : these in sixes, fives, or not rarely 

 fours, linear or oblanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 4 to 7 lines long ; the midrib evi- 

 dent : peduncles slender, scattered, 1 -several-flowered ; flowers often 3-merous (whence the 

 s])ecific name), as commonly 4-merous. — Spec. i. 105 ; Fl. Dan. t. 48 ; DC. l^rodr. iv. 597 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 22. G. tinctorium, I^. 1. c. 106 ; DC. 1. c., larger form with leaves in 

 sixes and flowers 4-nierous. G. Clai/toni, Michx. Fl. i. 78; Hook. Fl. i. 288. — Sphagnous 

 bogs and wet ground, Newfoundland and Labrador to Aleutian Islands, and south to Texa.s, 

 Ari/.fina, and California. (Eu., N. Asia, Japan.) 



Var. pusillum, (jr.a.y, Man., among tlie many forms of tlic species, is the smallest, a 

 span or two high : leaves only in fours, 3 or 4 lines long, narrow, in age often reflexed : 

 peduncles 1-flowered. — In cold bogs, a Northern form, and in the Rocky Mountains and 

 Sierra Nevada to Colorado, and California. 



Var. latifolium, Torr. The larger and broadest-leaved form : loaves 6 or 7 lines 

 long, often 2 lines wide: cymules few-several-flowered. — Fl. N. & Mi<kL States, 165; 

 Gray, Man. G. obtusum, Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2, 65. — Canada to Texas and mountains of 

 California. 



G. COncinnum, Torr. &Gray. Diffuse and erect, freely brandling, about a foot iiigh, 

 smootli and glal)rous, except the roughened angles of the stem and margins of the leaves; 

 these all in sixes, oblanceolate-linear, mucronulate, veinless, ratlier lucid and firm (drying 

 briglit green), the midrib prominent bencatii : flowers numerous in loose and open cymes on 



