Galium. RUBIACE.E. 39 



filiform peduncles or braaclilets, aud on filiform but rather short pedicels : corollas liright 

 white. — n. ii. 23 ; Gray, Man. 1. c. Perhaps G. paroijiorum, Kaf. in Med. Kep. v. 360, & 

 Uesv. Jour. Bot. i. 227 ? — Dry hills, Pennsylvania and Virginia to Michigan, Illinois, Ken- 

 tucky, aud Arkansas, first coll. by S/iort. 



H— -j^ H— Leaves in sixes, sometimes fives or on the branchlets fours, cuspidately mucronate or 

 acuminate. 



•M- Fruit smooth and glabrous: plant rough aud adhesive by retrorse prickles: flowers biight 

 Avliite. 

 G. asprellum, Michx. Glabrous, paniculately branched, erect and 2 feet high, or when sup- 

 ported by hushes 3 to 5 feet high, very floriferous : leaves lanceolate, about hiilf-iucli long, in 

 .sixes or on the branchlets fives or fours ; their margins, midrib beneath, and prominent angles 

 of the stem armed with strong retrorse prickles rather than bristles : cymes many-flowered : 

 fruits small, like those of G. trijidum. — Fl. i. 78 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 598 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 23. G. Pemisfjlranicum, Muhl. Cat. ; Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. iii. 183. 

 G. spinulosum, Kaf. Prec. Decouv. 1814, 40. G. micranthum, Pursh, Fl. i. 103 ? by the char., 

 except as to fruit. — Alluvial ground, especially low and shaded banks of streams, Canada, 

 New England to Michigan and mountains of Carolina. (E. Asia ?) 



•H- ++ Fruit from scabrous or papillose to uncinatelj' hispid: angles of the stem and midrib beneath 

 minutely retrorse-liispidulous or scabrous or nearly naked in the same species: margins of leaves 

 either antror.'^ely or retrorsely hispidulous-ciliolate, or naked in the same species, or even on 

 different parts of same leaf. 

 G. asperrimum, Gray. Stems erect or diffusely ascending, but weak, a foot or two high, 

 probably from a perennial root : leaves lanceolate (about half-inch to inch long) : cymes 

 twice or thrice dichotomous, with filiform peduncles and pedicels : corolla white or turning 

 purplish : ovary merely puberulent or scabrous : fruit granulate-scabrous, and sometimes 

 minutely hispidulous. — PI. Fendl. 60, & Bot. Calif, i. 284; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 134; 

 Hothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 138. — Shady places in mountains, New Mexico (fir.st coll. by 

 FencUer) and Arizona to Nevada, California, and E. Oregon ; mostly var. asperulum, Gray, 

 Bot. Calif. 1. c. ; but the hispid or hispidulous roughness very variable. 

 G. triflorum, Michx. Diffusely procumbent, smoothish : herbage sweet-scented (as of 

 Asperula udurata) in drying: stems a foot to a yard long: leaves ellipticallauceolate to 

 narrowly oblong (inch or two long) : cymes once or twice 3-rayed : pedicels soon divari- 

 cate : corolla yellowish white to greenish, its lobes hardly surpassing the bristles of the 

 ovary: fruit uncinate-hispid. — Fl. i. 80; Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 66; Pursh, Fl. i. 104; Hook. 

 I.e.; Torr. & Gray, k c. G. cuspidatum, MuhL Cat.; EU. Sk. i. 197; DC. \. c. G. hra- 

 chiatum, Pursh, 1. c. 103. G. suaveolens, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 48. G. Peniisi/lrcniicuiii, Barton, 

 Comp. Fl. Philad. 83. — Open and dry or moist woods, Canada to Alabama, Colorado, Rocky 

 Mountains, W. California, and north to Alaskan Islands. (N. Eu., Japan.) 



* * * Perennials with suffrutesceut or suffruticose base: leaves 4 in the whorls ; their margins, 

 midrib, and angles of stem destitute of retrorse hispidness or roughness: fruit hirsute witii lung 

 and straight (not at all imcinate-tipped) bristles: Western species of arid districts. — § Tricho- 

 yalium, Gray. 



•*— Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious-polygamous, paniculate and sliort-pedicelled, small : 

 corolla only a line in diameter, brown-purple: stems numerous in tufts fi'om the woody base, 

 a foot or less high, slender, much branched: leaves narrow, 2 to 4 lines long, one-nerved, 

 pointless. 



G. Rothrockii, Gray. Glabrous, erect : leaves narrowly linear, rigid : bristles not very 

 copious, not longer than the body of the fruit. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 203. — S. Arizona, 

 Wri<jht (mixed with the following species), Rothrock, Lemmon. (Lower Calif., Orcutt.) 



G. Wrightii, Gray. Hirsute-pubescent throughout, diffuse : leaves linear to narrowly 

 oblong, hardly at all rigid : bristles of fruit as long as its diameter. — PI. Wright, i. 80, ii. 

 67. — Crevices of rocks in ravines, W. Texas to S. Arizona, Wright, Lemmon. 

 ^— -1— Flowers dioecious: corolla greenish white or yellowish. 



++ Leaves narrowly linear, with midrib little prominent aud no lateral nerves or veins: stems 

 elongated. 



G. angUStifolium, Nutt. Becoming shrubby at base, 1 to 4 feet high, with rigid virgate 

 brauches, smooth and glabrous or miuutely jiruinose-puberulent : leaves barely mucronulate 



