42 RUBIACE.E. Galium. 



scabrous margins : flowers solitary or in pairs from the pedunculiform axillary branchlet ; 

 the pedicels in fruit longer than or equalling the involucrate whorl, when in pairs one of 

 the two commonly involucellate or unibracteate ; ovary and berry glabrous. — Fl. i. 79; 

 Ell. Sk. i. 95; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 21. — Woods in rich soil, S. Carolina to Florida and 

 Texas. 

 G. hispidulum, Michx. 1. c. Hirsute-pubescent, hispidnlous, scabrous, or sometimes almost 

 smooth and glabrous, a foot or two high, diffusely branched and spreading: leaves oblong or 

 oval, mucronate, a quarter to half an inch long : branchlets only floriferous : pedicels solitary 

 or commonly 2 or 3 from the small involucral whorl, all naked, or one of them minutely 

 bracteolate : ovary scabrous-puberulent : berry glabrate. — Ell. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 G. hispidum, Pursh, Fl. i. 104. Ruhia peref/rina, Walt., not L. R. Brownei, Michx. 1. c, 

 excl. syn. Browne. R. Walteri, DC. Prodr. iv. 590. — Dry or sandy soil, S. New Jersey to 

 Florida, along the coast. 



Order LXXI. VALERIANACE.^. 



Herbs (rarely suffruticose) ; with opposite leaves, no stipules, hermaphrodite 

 or sometimes polygamo-dicecious flowers in cymose inflorescence, a 5-merous 

 somewhat irregular epigynous corolla, bearing fewer (1 to 3, rarely 4) stamens 

 on its tube, an ovary invested by the calyx-tube, and of one to three cells, but 

 only one ovuliferous, a solitary suspended seed with a straight embryo and no 

 all)umen. Limb of calyx none, or of lobes or teeth, or evolved on the fruit into a 

 kind of pappus. Corolla either obscurely or manifestly irregular (bilabiately, §) ; 

 lobes imbricated in the bud. Filaments and style flliform : stigma undivided and 

 truncate, or minutely 3-cleft. Ovule anatroj^ous. Fruit dry and indehiscent, a 

 kind of akene. 



1. VALERIANA. Calyx-limb of 5 to 15 setiform lobes, which are inroUed and inconspicu- 

 ous until fruiting, when they are evolute and form a kind of plumose pappus. Corolla from 

 campanulate-funnelform to salverform, the tube or body often gibbous or slightly saccate 

 anteriorly. Stamens 3. Ovary 1-celled, and with mere vestiges of two lateral cells, ripen- 

 ing into a flattened akene, wliich is mostly 1-uerved on one face, 3-nerved on the other, 

 and with a more or less evident nerve at eacii margin, which marks the position of a sup- 

 pressed empty cell. — Perennials (with hardly an exception), the roots with a peculiar scent. 



2. VALERIANELL A. Calyx-limb not pappose, in all ours more or less obsolete. Corolla 

 from short-funnelform to salverform, with or without gibbosity, or sometimes a sac or spur 

 at base ; limb 5-parted, from nearly regular to obscurely or plainly bilabiate, or 4-parted with 

 the posterior lobe notched or 2-cleft. Stamens 3, very rarely 2. F^ruit various, the two 

 abortive cells sometimes obsolete and uerviform at the lateral angles, commonly enlarged, 

 sometimes converted into wings. Annuals, with entire or sparingly dentate or incised leaves ; 

 cauline sessile. 



1 . VALERIANA, Tourn. (Old herbalist's name, from I'oleo, to be strong, 

 from use in medicine.) — Herbs (chiefly of northern temperate zone) ; with roots 

 of peculiar scent, various leaves, and white or rose-colored flowers, in terminal 

 cymes, produced in early summer. — L. Gen. 8, in part ; DC. Prodr. iv. 632; 

 Hicck in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. iii. 2. 



PiiyllActis oboyata, Nutt. Gen. i. 21, is omitted, having been described from a plant of 

 the Upper Missouri, not yet in flower, perhaps an undeveloped V. edidis. 



* Erect from a large fusiform perpendicular stock branching below into deep and thickened roots: 

 leaves thickish, nervosely veined, not serrate. 

 V. edulis, NrxT. Glabrous or glabrate; the nascent herbage often tomentulose-pubcrulent, 



sometimes remaining so on the leaf-margins, a foot or at lengtli 3 fee^or more higli : radical 



leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, tapering into a margined petiole, entire or some sparingly 



